9 import xml.etree.ElementTree
14 compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
24 _NO_DEFAULT = object()
27 class InfoExtractor(object):
28 """Information Extractor class.
30 Information extractors are the classes that, given a URL, extract
31 information about the video (or videos) the URL refers to. This
32 information includes the real video URL, the video title, author and
33 others. The information is stored in a dictionary which is then
34 passed to the FileDownloader. The FileDownloader processes this
35 information possibly downloading the video to the file system, among
36 other possible outcomes.
38 The dictionaries must include the following fields:
41 title: Video title, unescaped.
43 Additionally, it must contain either a formats entry or a url one:
45 formats: A list of dictionaries for each format available, ordered
46 from worst to best quality.
49 * url Mandatory. The URL of the video file
50 * ext Will be calculated from url if missing
51 * format A human-readable description of the format
52 ("mp4 container with h264/opus").
53 Calculated from the format_id, width, height.
54 and format_note fields if missing.
55 * format_id A short description of the format
56 ("mp4_h264_opus" or "19").
57 Technically optional, but strongly recommended.
58 * format_note Additional info about the format
59 ("3D" or "DASH video")
60 * width Width of the video, if known
61 * height Height of the video, if known
62 * resolution Textual description of width and height
63 * tbr Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
64 * abr Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
65 * acodec Name of the audio codec in use
66 * asr Audio sampling rate in Hertz
67 * vbr Average video bitrate in KBit/s
68 * vcodec Name of the video codec in use
69 * container Name of the container format
70 * filesize The number of bytes, if known in advance
71 * player_url SWF Player URL (used for rtmpdump).
72 * protocol The protocol that will be used for the actual
74 "http", "https", "rtsp", "rtmp", "m3u8" or so.
75 * preference Order number of this format. If this field is
76 present and not None, the formats get sorted
77 by this field, regardless of all other values.
78 -1 for default (order by other properties),
79 -2 or smaller for less than default.
80 * quality Order number of the video quality of this
81 format, irrespective of the file format.
82 -1 for default (order by other properties),
83 -2 or smaller for less than default.
85 ext: Video filename extension.
86 format: The video format, defaults to ext (used for --get-format)
87 player_url: SWF Player URL (used for rtmpdump).
89 The following fields are optional:
91 display_id An alternative identifier for the video, not necessarily
92 unique, but available before title. Typically, id is
93 something like "4234987", title "Dancing naked mole rats",
94 and display_id "dancing-naked-mole-rats"
95 thumbnails: A list of dictionaries (with the entries "resolution" and
96 "url") for the varying thumbnails
97 thumbnail: Full URL to a video thumbnail image.
98 description: One-line video description.
99 uploader: Full name of the video uploader.
100 timestamp: UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became available.
101 upload_date: Video upload date (YYYYMMDD).
102 If not explicitly set, calculated from timestamp.
103 uploader_id: Nickname or id of the video uploader.
104 location: Physical location of the video.
105 subtitles: The subtitle file contents as a dictionary in the format
106 {language: subtitles}.
107 duration: Length of the video in seconds, as an integer.
108 view_count: How many users have watched the video on the platform.
109 like_count: Number of positive ratings of the video
110 dislike_count: Number of negative ratings of the video
111 comment_count: Number of comments on the video
112 age_limit: Age restriction for the video, as an integer (years)
113 webpage_url: The url to the video webpage, if given to youtube-dl it
114 should allow to get the same result again. (It will be set
115 by YoutubeDL if it's missing)
117 Unless mentioned otherwise, the fields should be Unicode strings.
119 Subclasses of this one should re-define the _real_initialize() and
120 _real_extract() methods and define a _VALID_URL regexp.
121 Probably, they should also be added to the list of extractors.
123 Finally, the _WORKING attribute should be set to False for broken IEs
124 in order to warn the users and skip the tests.
131 def __init__(self, downloader=None):
132 """Constructor. Receives an optional downloader."""
134 self.set_downloader(downloader)
137 def suitable(cls, url):
138 """Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE."""
140 # This does not use has/getattr intentionally - we want to know whether
141 # we have cached the regexp for *this* class, whereas getattr would also
142 # match the superclass
143 if '_VALID_URL_RE' not in cls.__dict__:
144 cls._VALID_URL_RE = re.compile(cls._VALID_URL)
145 return cls._VALID_URL_RE.match(url) is not None
149 """Getter method for _WORKING."""
152 def initialize(self):
153 """Initializes an instance (authentication, etc)."""
155 self._real_initialize()
158 def extract(self, url):
159 """Extracts URL information and returns it in list of dicts."""
161 return self._real_extract(url)
163 def set_downloader(self, downloader):
164 """Sets the downloader for this IE."""
165 self._downloader = downloader
167 def _real_initialize(self):
168 """Real initialization process. Redefine in subclasses."""
171 def _real_extract(self, url):
172 """Real extraction process. Redefine in subclasses."""
177 """A string for getting the InfoExtractor with get_info_extractor"""
178 return cls.__name__[:-2]
182 return type(self).__name__[:-2]
184 def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True):
185 """ Returns the response handle """
187 self.report_download_webpage(video_id)
188 elif note is not False:
190 self.to_screen(u'%s' % (note,))
192 self.to_screen(u'%s: %s' % (video_id, note))
194 return self._downloader.urlopen(url_or_request)
195 except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
199 errnote = u'Unable to download webpage'
200 errmsg = u'%s: %s' % (errnote, compat_str(err))
202 raise ExtractorError(errmsg, sys.exc_info()[2], cause=err)
204 self._downloader.report_warning(errmsg)
207 def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True):
208 """ Returns a tuple (page content as string, URL handle) """
210 # Strip hashes from the URL (#1038)
211 if isinstance(url_or_request, (compat_str, str)):
212 url_or_request = url_or_request.partition('#')[0]
214 urlh = self._request_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal)
218 content_type = urlh.headers.get('Content-Type', '')
219 webpage_bytes = urlh.read()
220 m = re.match(r'[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+/[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+\s*;\s*charset=(.+)', content_type)
222 encoding = m.group(1)
224 m = re.search(br'<meta[^>]+charset=[\'"]?([^\'")]+)[ /\'">]',
225 webpage_bytes[:1024])
227 encoding = m.group(1).decode('ascii')
228 elif webpage_bytes.startswith(b'\xff\xfe'):
232 if self._downloader.params.get('dump_intermediate_pages', False):
234 url = url_or_request.get_full_url()
235 except AttributeError:
237 self.to_screen(u'Dumping request to ' + url)
238 dump = base64.b64encode(webpage_bytes).decode('ascii')
239 self._downloader.to_screen(dump)
240 if self._downloader.params.get('write_pages', False):
242 url = url_or_request.get_full_url()
243 except AttributeError:
245 basen = video_id + '_' + url
247 h = u'___' + hashlib.md5(basen.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
248 basen = basen[:240 - len(h)] + h
249 raw_filename = basen + '.dump'
250 filename = sanitize_filename(raw_filename, restricted=True)
251 self.to_screen(u'Saving request to ' + filename)
252 with open(filename, 'wb') as outf:
253 outf.write(webpage_bytes)
256 content = webpage_bytes.decode(encoding, 'replace')
258 content = webpage_bytes.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
260 if (u'<title>Access to this site is blocked</title>' in content and
261 u'Websense' in content[:512]):
262 msg = u'Access to this webpage has been blocked by Websense filtering software in your network.'
263 blocked_iframe = self._html_search_regex(
264 r'<iframe src="([^"]+)"', content,
265 u'Websense information URL', default=None)
267 msg += u' Visit %s for more details' % blocked_iframe
268 raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=True)
270 return (content, urlh)
272 def _download_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True):
273 """ Returns the data of the page as a string """
274 res = self._download_webpage_handle(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal)
281 def _download_xml(self, url_or_request, video_id,
282 note=u'Downloading XML', errnote=u'Unable to download XML',
283 transform_source=None, fatal=True):
284 """Return the xml as an xml.etree.ElementTree.Element"""
285 xml_string = self._download_webpage(
286 url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal=fatal)
287 if xml_string is False:
290 xml_string = transform_source(xml_string)
291 return xml.etree.ElementTree.fromstring(xml_string.encode('utf-8'))
293 def _download_json(self, url_or_request, video_id,
294 note=u'Downloading JSON metadata',
295 errnote=u'Unable to download JSON metadata',
296 transform_source=None):
297 json_string = self._download_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote)
299 json_string = transform_source(json_string)
301 return json.loads(json_string)
302 except ValueError as ve:
303 raise ExtractorError('Failed to download JSON', cause=ve)
305 def report_warning(self, msg, video_id=None):
306 idstr = u'' if video_id is None else u'%s: ' % video_id
307 self._downloader.report_warning(
308 u'[%s] %s%s' % (self.IE_NAME, idstr, msg))
310 def to_screen(self, msg):
311 """Print msg to screen, prefixing it with '[ie_name]'"""
312 self._downloader.to_screen(u'[%s] %s' % (self.IE_NAME, msg))
314 def report_extraction(self, id_or_name):
315 """Report information extraction."""
316 self.to_screen(u'%s: Extracting information' % id_or_name)
318 def report_download_webpage(self, video_id):
319 """Report webpage download."""
320 self.to_screen(u'%s: Downloading webpage' % video_id)
322 def report_age_confirmation(self):
323 """Report attempt to confirm age."""
324 self.to_screen(u'Confirming age')
326 def report_login(self):
327 """Report attempt to log in."""
328 self.to_screen(u'Logging in')
330 #Methods for following #608
332 def url_result(url, ie=None, video_id=None):
333 """Returns a url that points to a page that should be processed"""
334 #TODO: ie should be the class used for getting the info
335 video_info = {'_type': 'url',
338 if video_id is not None:
339 video_info['id'] = video_id
342 def playlist_result(entries, playlist_id=None, playlist_title=None):
343 """Returns a playlist"""
344 video_info = {'_type': 'playlist',
347 video_info['id'] = playlist_id
349 video_info['title'] = playlist_title
352 def _search_regex(self, pattern, string, name, default=_NO_DEFAULT, fatal=True, flags=0):
354 Perform a regex search on the given string, using a single or a list of
355 patterns returning the first matching group.
356 In case of failure return a default value or raise a WARNING or a
357 RegexNotFoundError, depending on fatal, specifying the field name.
359 if isinstance(pattern, (str, compat_str, compiled_regex_type)):
360 mobj = re.search(pattern, string, flags)
363 mobj = re.search(p, string, flags)
366 if os.name != 'nt' and sys.stderr.isatty():
367 _name = u'\033[0;34m%s\033[0m' % name
372 # return the first matching group
373 return next(g for g in mobj.groups() if g is not None)
374 elif default is not _NO_DEFAULT:
377 raise RegexNotFoundError(u'Unable to extract %s' % _name)
379 self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract %s; '
380 u'please report this issue on http://yt-dl.org/bug' % _name)
383 def _html_search_regex(self, pattern, string, name, default=_NO_DEFAULT, fatal=True, flags=0):
385 Like _search_regex, but strips HTML tags and unescapes entities.
387 res = self._search_regex(pattern, string, name, default, fatal, flags)
389 return clean_html(res).strip()
393 def _get_login_info(self):
395 Get the the login info as (username, password)
396 It will look in the netrc file using the _NETRC_MACHINE value
397 If there's no info available, return (None, None)
399 if self._downloader is None:
404 downloader_params = self._downloader.params
406 # Attempt to use provided username and password or .netrc data
407 if downloader_params.get('username', None) is not None:
408 username = downloader_params['username']
409 password = downloader_params['password']
410 elif downloader_params.get('usenetrc', False):
412 info = netrc.netrc().authenticators(self._NETRC_MACHINE)
417 raise netrc.NetrcParseError('No authenticators for %s' % self._NETRC_MACHINE)
418 except (IOError, netrc.NetrcParseError) as err:
419 self._downloader.report_warning(u'parsing .netrc: %s' % compat_str(err))
421 return (username, password)
423 # Helper functions for extracting OpenGraph info
425 def _og_regexes(prop):
426 content_re = r'content=(?:"([^>]+?)"|\'([^>]+?)\')'
427 property_re = r'(?:name|property)=[\'"]og:%s[\'"]' % re.escape(prop)
428 template = r'<meta[^>]+?%s[^>]+?%s'
430 template % (property_re, content_re),
431 template % (content_re, property_re),
434 def _og_search_property(self, prop, html, name=None, **kargs):
436 name = 'OpenGraph %s' % prop
437 escaped = self._search_regex(self._og_regexes(prop), html, name, flags=re.DOTALL, **kargs)
440 return unescapeHTML(escaped)
442 def _og_search_thumbnail(self, html, **kargs):
443 return self._og_search_property('image', html, u'thumbnail url', fatal=False, **kargs)
445 def _og_search_description(self, html, **kargs):
446 return self._og_search_property('description', html, fatal=False, **kargs)
448 def _og_search_title(self, html, **kargs):
449 return self._og_search_property('title', html, **kargs)
451 def _og_search_video_url(self, html, name='video url', secure=True, **kargs):
452 regexes = self._og_regexes('video')
453 if secure: regexes = self._og_regexes('video:secure_url') + regexes
454 return self._html_search_regex(regexes, html, name, **kargs)
456 def _html_search_meta(self, name, html, display_name=None, fatal=False):
457 if display_name is None:
459 return self._html_search_regex(
461 (?=[^>]+(?:itemprop|name|property)=["\']%s["\'])
462 [^>]+content=["\']([^"\']+)["\']''' % re.escape(name),
463 html, display_name, fatal=fatal)
465 def _dc_search_uploader(self, html):
466 return self._html_search_meta('dc.creator', html, 'uploader')
468 def _rta_search(self, html):
469 # See http://www.rtalabel.org/index.php?content=howtofaq#single
470 if re.search(r'(?ix)<meta\s+name="rating"\s+'
471 r' content="RTA-5042-1996-1400-1577-RTA"',
476 def _media_rating_search(self, html):
477 # See http://www.tjg-designs.com/WP/metadata-code-examples-adding-metadata-to-your-web-pages/
478 rating = self._html_search_meta('rating', html)
490 return RATING_TABLE.get(rating.lower(), None)
492 def _twitter_search_player(self, html):
493 return self._html_search_meta('twitter:player', html,
494 'twitter card player')
496 def _sort_formats(self, formats):
498 raise ExtractorError(u'No video formats found')
501 # TODO remove the following workaround
502 from ..utils import determine_ext
503 if not f.get('ext') and 'url' in f:
504 f['ext'] = determine_ext(f['url'])
506 preference = f.get('preference')
507 if preference is None:
508 proto = f.get('protocol')
510 proto = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(f.get('url', '')).scheme
512 preference = 0 if proto in ['http', 'https'] else -0.1
513 if f.get('ext') in ['f4f', 'f4m']: # Not yet supported
516 if f.get('vcodec') == 'none': # audio only
517 if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_free_formats'):
518 ORDER = [u'aac', u'mp3', u'm4a', u'webm', u'ogg', u'opus']
520 ORDER = [u'webm', u'opus', u'ogg', u'mp3', u'aac', u'm4a']
523 audio_ext_preference = ORDER.index(f['ext'])
525 audio_ext_preference = -1
527 if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_free_formats'):
528 ORDER = [u'flv', u'mp4', u'webm']
530 ORDER = [u'webm', u'flv', u'mp4']
532 ext_preference = ORDER.index(f['ext'])
535 audio_ext_preference = 0
539 f.get('quality') if f.get('quality') is not None else -1,
540 f.get('height') if f.get('height') is not None else -1,
541 f.get('width') if f.get('width') is not None else -1,
543 f.get('tbr') if f.get('tbr') is not None else -1,
544 f.get('vbr') if f.get('vbr') is not None else -1,
545 f.get('abr') if f.get('abr') is not None else -1,
546 audio_ext_preference,
547 f.get('filesize') if f.get('filesize') is not None else -1,
550 formats.sort(key=_formats_key)
552 def http_scheme(self):
553 """ Either "https:" or "https:", depending on the user's preferences """
556 if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
559 def _proto_relative_url(self, url, scheme=None):
562 if url.startswith('//'):
564 scheme = self.http_scheme()
570 class SearchInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
572 Base class for paged search queries extractors.
573 They accept urls in the format _SEARCH_KEY(|all|[0-9]):{query}
574 Instances should define _SEARCH_KEY and _MAX_RESULTS.
578 def _make_valid_url(cls):
579 return r'%s(?P<prefix>|[1-9][0-9]*|all):(?P<query>[\s\S]+)' % cls._SEARCH_KEY
582 def suitable(cls, url):
583 return re.match(cls._make_valid_url(), url) is not None
585 def _real_extract(self, query):
586 mobj = re.match(self._make_valid_url(), query)
588 raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid search query "%s"' % query)
590 prefix = mobj.group('prefix')
591 query = mobj.group('query')
593 return self._get_n_results(query, 1)
594 elif prefix == 'all':
595 return self._get_n_results(query, self._MAX_RESULTS)
599 raise ExtractorError(u'invalid download number %s for query "%s"' % (n, query))
600 elif n > self._MAX_RESULTS:
601 self._downloader.report_warning(u'%s returns max %i results (you requested %i)' % (self._SEARCH_KEY, self._MAX_RESULTS, n))
602 n = self._MAX_RESULTS
603 return self._get_n_results(query, n)
605 def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
606 """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
607 raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by subclasses")
610 def SEARCH_KEY(self):
611 return self._SEARCH_KEY