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[youtube-dl.git] / youtube_dl / YoutubeDL.py
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # coding: utf-8
3
4 from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
5
6 import collections
7 import contextlib
8 import copy
9 import datetime
10 import errno
11 import fileinput
12 import io
13 import itertools
14 import json
15 import locale
16 import operator
17 import os
18 import platform
19 import re
20 import shutil
21 import subprocess
22 import socket
23 import sys
24 import time
25 import tokenize
26 import traceback
27 import random
28
29 from string import ascii_letters
30
31 from .compat import (
32     compat_basestring,
33     compat_cookiejar,
34     compat_get_terminal_size,
35     compat_http_client,
36     compat_kwargs,
37     compat_numeric_types,
38     compat_os_name,
39     compat_str,
40     compat_tokenize_tokenize,
41     compat_urllib_error,
42     compat_urllib_request,
43     compat_urllib_request_DataHandler,
44 )
45 from .utils import (
46     age_restricted,
47     args_to_str,
48     ContentTooShortError,
49     date_from_str,
50     DateRange,
51     DEFAULT_OUTTMPL,
52     determine_ext,
53     determine_protocol,
54     DownloadError,
55     encode_compat_str,
56     encodeFilename,
57     error_to_compat_str,
58     expand_path,
59     ExtractorError,
60     format_bytes,
61     formatSeconds,
62     GeoRestrictedError,
63     int_or_none,
64     ISO3166Utils,
65     locked_file,
66     make_HTTPS_handler,
67     MaxDownloadsReached,
68     orderedSet,
69     PagedList,
70     parse_filesize,
71     PerRequestProxyHandler,
72     platform_name,
73     PostProcessingError,
74     preferredencoding,
75     prepend_extension,
76     register_socks_protocols,
77     render_table,
78     replace_extension,
79     SameFileError,
80     sanitize_filename,
81     sanitize_path,
82     sanitize_url,
83     sanitized_Request,
84     std_headers,
85     str_or_none,
86     subtitles_filename,
87     UnavailableVideoError,
88     url_basename,
89     version_tuple,
90     write_json_file,
91     write_string,
92     YoutubeDLCookieJar,
93     YoutubeDLCookieProcessor,
94     YoutubeDLHandler,
95     YoutubeDLRedirectHandler,
96 )
97 from .cache import Cache
98 from .extractor import get_info_extractor, gen_extractor_classes, _LAZY_LOADER
99 from .extractor.openload import PhantomJSwrapper
100 from .downloader import get_suitable_downloader
101 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
102 from .postprocessor import (
103     FFmpegFixupM3u8PP,
104     FFmpegFixupM4aPP,
105     FFmpegFixupStretchedPP,
106     FFmpegMergerPP,
107     FFmpegPostProcessor,
108     get_postprocessor,
109 )
110 from .version import __version__
111
112 if compat_os_name == 'nt':
113     import ctypes
114
115
116 class YoutubeDL(object):
117     """YoutubeDL class.
118
119     YoutubeDL objects are the ones responsible of downloading the
120     actual video file and writing it to disk if the user has requested
121     it, among some other tasks. In most cases there should be one per
122     program. As, given a video URL, the downloader doesn't know how to
123     extract all the needed information, task that InfoExtractors do, it
124     has to pass the URL to one of them.
125
126     For this, YoutubeDL objects have a method that allows
127     InfoExtractors to be registered in a given order. When it is passed
128     a URL, the YoutubeDL object handles it to the first InfoExtractor it
129     finds that reports being able to handle it. The InfoExtractor extracts
130     all the information about the video or videos the URL refers to, and
131     YoutubeDL process the extracted information, possibly using a File
132     Downloader to download the video.
133
134     YoutubeDL objects accept a lot of parameters. In order not to saturate
135     the object constructor with arguments, it receives a dictionary of
136     options instead. These options are available through the params
137     attribute for the InfoExtractors to use. The YoutubeDL also
138     registers itself as the downloader in charge for the InfoExtractors
139     that are added to it, so this is a "mutual registration".
140
141     Available options:
142
143     username:          Username for authentication purposes.
144     password:          Password for authentication purposes.
145     videopassword:     Password for accessing a video.
146     ap_mso:            Adobe Pass multiple-system operator identifier.
147     ap_username:       Multiple-system operator account username.
148     ap_password:       Multiple-system operator account password.
149     usenetrc:          Use netrc for authentication instead.
150     verbose:           Print additional info to stdout.
151     quiet:             Do not print messages to stdout.
152     no_warnings:       Do not print out anything for warnings.
153     forceurl:          Force printing final URL.
154     forcetitle:        Force printing title.
155     forceid:           Force printing ID.
156     forcethumbnail:    Force printing thumbnail URL.
157     forcedescription:  Force printing description.
158     forcefilename:     Force printing final filename.
159     forceduration:     Force printing duration.
160     forcejson:         Force printing info_dict as JSON.
161     dump_single_json:  Force printing the info_dict of the whole playlist
162                        (or video) as a single JSON line.
163     simulate:          Do not download the video files.
164     format:            Video format code. See options.py for more information.
165     outtmpl:           Template for output names.
166     restrictfilenames: Do not allow "&" and spaces in file names
167     ignoreerrors:      Do not stop on download errors.
168     force_generic_extractor: Force downloader to use the generic extractor
169     nooverwrites:      Prevent overwriting files.
170     playliststart:     Playlist item to start at.
171     playlistend:       Playlist item to end at.
172     playlist_items:    Specific indices of playlist to download.
173     playlistreverse:   Download playlist items in reverse order.
174     playlistrandom:    Download playlist items in random order.
175     matchtitle:        Download only matching titles.
176     rejecttitle:       Reject downloads for matching titles.
177     logger:            Log messages to a logging.Logger instance.
178     logtostderr:       Log messages to stderr instead of stdout.
179     writedescription:  Write the video description to a .description file
180     writeinfojson:     Write the video description to a .info.json file
181     writeannotations:  Write the video annotations to a .annotations.xml file
182     writethumbnail:    Write the thumbnail image to a file
183     write_all_thumbnails:  Write all thumbnail formats to files
184     writesubtitles:    Write the video subtitles to a file
185     writeautomaticsub: Write the automatically generated subtitles to a file
186     allsubtitles:      Downloads all the subtitles of the video
187                        (requires writesubtitles or writeautomaticsub)
188     listsubtitles:     Lists all available subtitles for the video
189     subtitlesformat:   The format code for subtitles
190     subtitleslangs:    List of languages of the subtitles to download
191     keepvideo:         Keep the video file after post-processing
192     daterange:         A DateRange object, download only if the upload_date is in the range.
193     skip_download:     Skip the actual download of the video file
194     cachedir:          Location of the cache files in the filesystem.
195                        False to disable filesystem cache.
196     noplaylist:        Download single video instead of a playlist if in doubt.
197     age_limit:         An integer representing the user's age in years.
198                        Unsuitable videos for the given age are skipped.
199     min_views:         An integer representing the minimum view count the video
200                        must have in order to not be skipped.
201                        Videos without view count information are always
202                        downloaded. None for no limit.
203     max_views:         An integer representing the maximum view count.
204                        Videos that are more popular than that are not
205                        downloaded.
206                        Videos without view count information are always
207                        downloaded. None for no limit.
208     download_archive:  File name of a file where all downloads are recorded.
209                        Videos already present in the file are not downloaded
210                        again.
211     cookiefile:        File name where cookies should be read from and dumped to.
212     nocheckcertificate:Do not verify SSL certificates
213     prefer_insecure:   Use HTTP instead of HTTPS to retrieve information.
214                        At the moment, this is only supported by YouTube.
215     proxy:             URL of the proxy server to use
216     geo_verification_proxy:  URL of the proxy to use for IP address verification
217                        on geo-restricted sites.
218     socket_timeout:    Time to wait for unresponsive hosts, in seconds
219     bidi_workaround:   Work around buggy terminals without bidirectional text
220                        support, using fridibi
221     debug_printtraffic:Print out sent and received HTTP traffic
222     include_ads:       Download ads as well
223     default_search:    Prepend this string if an input url is not valid.
224                        'auto' for elaborate guessing
225     encoding:          Use this encoding instead of the system-specified.
226     extract_flat:      Do not resolve URLs, return the immediate result.
227                        Pass in 'in_playlist' to only show this behavior for
228                        playlist items.
229     postprocessors:    A list of dictionaries, each with an entry
230                        * key:  The name of the postprocessor. See
231                                youtube_dl/postprocessor/__init__.py for a list.
232                        as well as any further keyword arguments for the
233                        postprocessor.
234     progress_hooks:    A list of functions that get called on download
235                        progress, with a dictionary with the entries
236                        * status: One of "downloading", "error", or "finished".
237                                  Check this first and ignore unknown values.
238
239                        If status is one of "downloading", or "finished", the
240                        following properties may also be present:
241                        * filename: The final filename (always present)
242                        * tmpfilename: The filename we're currently writing to
243                        * downloaded_bytes: Bytes on disk
244                        * total_bytes: Size of the whole file, None if unknown
245                        * total_bytes_estimate: Guess of the eventual file size,
246                                                None if unavailable.
247                        * elapsed: The number of seconds since download started.
248                        * eta: The estimated time in seconds, None if unknown
249                        * speed: The download speed in bytes/second, None if
250                                 unknown
251                        * fragment_index: The counter of the currently
252                                          downloaded video fragment.
253                        * fragment_count: The number of fragments (= individual
254                                          files that will be merged)
255
256                        Progress hooks are guaranteed to be called at least once
257                        (with status "finished") if the download is successful.
258     merge_output_format: Extension to use when merging formats.
259     fixup:             Automatically correct known faults of the file.
260                        One of:
261                        - "never": do nothing
262                        - "warn": only emit a warning
263                        - "detect_or_warn": check whether we can do anything
264                                            about it, warn otherwise (default)
265     source_address:    Client-side IP address to bind to.
266     call_home:         Boolean, true iff we are allowed to contact the
267                        youtube-dl servers for debugging.
268     sleep_interval:    Number of seconds to sleep before each download when
269                        used alone or a lower bound of a range for randomized
270                        sleep before each download (minimum possible number
271                        of seconds to sleep) when used along with
272                        max_sleep_interval.
273     max_sleep_interval:Upper bound of a range for randomized sleep before each
274                        download (maximum possible number of seconds to sleep).
275                        Must only be used along with sleep_interval.
276                        Actual sleep time will be a random float from range
277                        [sleep_interval; max_sleep_interval].
278     listformats:       Print an overview of available video formats and exit.
279     list_thumbnails:   Print a table of all thumbnails and exit.
280     match_filter:      A function that gets called with the info_dict of
281                        every video.
282                        If it returns a message, the video is ignored.
283                        If it returns None, the video is downloaded.
284                        match_filter_func in utils.py is one example for this.
285     no_color:          Do not emit color codes in output.
286     geo_bypass:        Bypass geographic restriction via faking X-Forwarded-For
287                        HTTP header
288     geo_bypass_country:
289                        Two-letter ISO 3166-2 country code that will be used for
290                        explicit geographic restriction bypassing via faking
291                        X-Forwarded-For HTTP header
292     geo_bypass_ip_block:
293                        IP range in CIDR notation that will be used similarly to
294                        geo_bypass_country
295
296     The following options determine which downloader is picked:
297     external_downloader: Executable of the external downloader to call.
298                        None or unset for standard (built-in) downloader.
299     hls_prefer_native: Use the native HLS downloader instead of ffmpeg/avconv
300                        if True, otherwise use ffmpeg/avconv if False, otherwise
301                        use downloader suggested by extractor if None.
302
303     The following parameters are not used by YoutubeDL itself, they are used by
304     the downloader (see youtube_dl/downloader/common.py):
305     nopart, updatetime, buffersize, ratelimit, min_filesize, max_filesize, test,
306     noresizebuffer, retries, continuedl, noprogress, consoletitle,
307     xattr_set_filesize, external_downloader_args, hls_use_mpegts,
308     http_chunk_size.
309
310     The following options are used by the post processors:
311     prefer_ffmpeg:     If False, use avconv instead of ffmpeg if both are available,
312                        otherwise prefer ffmpeg.
313     ffmpeg_location:   Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary; either the path
314                        to the binary or its containing directory.
315     postprocessor_args: A list of additional command-line arguments for the
316                         postprocessor.
317
318     The following options are used by the Youtube extractor:
319     youtube_include_dash_manifest: If True (default), DASH manifests and related
320                         data will be downloaded and processed by extractor.
321                         You can reduce network I/O by disabling it if you don't
322                         care about DASH.
323     """
324
325     _NUMERIC_FIELDS = set((
326         'width', 'height', 'tbr', 'abr', 'asr', 'vbr', 'fps', 'filesize', 'filesize_approx',
327         'timestamp', 'upload_year', 'upload_month', 'upload_day',
328         'duration', 'view_count', 'like_count', 'dislike_count', 'repost_count',
329         'average_rating', 'comment_count', 'age_limit',
330         'start_time', 'end_time',
331         'chapter_number', 'season_number', 'episode_number',
332         'track_number', 'disc_number', 'release_year',
333         'playlist_index',
334     ))
335
336     params = None
337     _ies = []
338     _pps = []
339     _download_retcode = None
340     _num_downloads = None
341     _screen_file = None
342
343     def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
344         """Create a FileDownloader object with the given options."""
345         if params is None:
346             params = {}
347         self._ies = []
348         self._ies_instances = {}
349         self._pps = []
350         self._progress_hooks = []
351         self._download_retcode = 0
352         self._num_downloads = 0
353         self._screen_file = [sys.stdout, sys.stderr][params.get('logtostderr', False)]
354         self._err_file = sys.stderr
355         self.params = {
356             # Default parameters
357             'nocheckcertificate': False,
358         }
359         self.params.update(params)
360         self.cache = Cache(self)
361
362         def check_deprecated(param, option, suggestion):
363             if self.params.get(param) is not None:
364                 self.report_warning(
365                     '%s is deprecated. Use %s instead.' % (option, suggestion))
366                 return True
367             return False
368
369         if check_deprecated('cn_verification_proxy', '--cn-verification-proxy', '--geo-verification-proxy'):
370             if self.params.get('geo_verification_proxy') is None:
371                 self.params['geo_verification_proxy'] = self.params['cn_verification_proxy']
372
373         check_deprecated('autonumber_size', '--autonumber-size', 'output template with %(autonumber)0Nd, where N in the number of digits')
374         check_deprecated('autonumber', '--auto-number', '-o "%(autonumber)s-%(title)s.%(ext)s"')
375         check_deprecated('usetitle', '--title', '-o "%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"')
376
377         if params.get('bidi_workaround', False):
378             try:
379                 import pty
380                 master, slave = pty.openpty()
381                 width = compat_get_terminal_size().columns
382                 if width is None:
383                     width_args = []
384                 else:
385                     width_args = ['-w', str(width)]
386                 sp_kwargs = dict(
387                     stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
388                     stdout=slave,
389                     stderr=self._err_file)
390                 try:
391                     self._output_process = subprocess.Popen(
392                         ['bidiv'] + width_args, **sp_kwargs
393                     )
394                 except OSError:
395                     self._output_process = subprocess.Popen(
396                         ['fribidi', '-c', 'UTF-8'] + width_args, **sp_kwargs)
397                 self._output_channel = os.fdopen(master, 'rb')
398             except OSError as ose:
399                 if ose.errno == errno.ENOENT:
400                     self.report_warning('Could not find fribidi executable, ignoring --bidi-workaround . Make sure that  fribidi  is an executable file in one of the directories in your $PATH.')
401                 else:
402                     raise
403
404         if (sys.platform != 'win32'
405                 and sys.getfilesystemencoding() in ['ascii', 'ANSI_X3.4-1968']
406                 and not params.get('restrictfilenames', False)):
407             # Unicode filesystem API will throw errors (#1474, #13027)
408             self.report_warning(
409                 'Assuming --restrict-filenames since file system encoding '
410                 'cannot encode all characters. '
411                 'Set the LC_ALL environment variable to fix this.')
412             self.params['restrictfilenames'] = True
413
414         if isinstance(params.get('outtmpl'), bytes):
415             self.report_warning(
416                 'Parameter outtmpl is bytes, but should be a unicode string. '
417                 'Put  from __future__ import unicode_literals  at the top of your code file or consider switching to Python 3.x.')
418
419         self._setup_opener()
420
421         if auto_init:
422             self.print_debug_header()
423             self.add_default_info_extractors()
424
425         for pp_def_raw in self.params.get('postprocessors', []):
426             pp_class = get_postprocessor(pp_def_raw['key'])
427             pp_def = dict(pp_def_raw)
428             del pp_def['key']
429             pp = pp_class(self, **compat_kwargs(pp_def))
430             self.add_post_processor(pp)
431
432         for ph in self.params.get('progress_hooks', []):
433             self.add_progress_hook(ph)
434
435         register_socks_protocols()
436
437     def warn_if_short_id(self, argv):
438         # short YouTube ID starting with dash?
439         idxs = [
440             i for i, a in enumerate(argv)
441             if re.match(r'^-[0-9A-Za-z_-]{10}$', a)]
442         if idxs:
443             correct_argv = (
444                 ['youtube-dl']
445                 + [a for i, a in enumerate(argv) if i not in idxs]
446                 + ['--'] + [argv[i] for i in idxs]
447             )
448             self.report_warning(
449                 'Long argument string detected. '
450                 'Use -- to separate parameters and URLs, like this:\n%s\n' %
451                 args_to_str(correct_argv))
452
453     def add_info_extractor(self, ie):
454         """Add an InfoExtractor object to the end of the list."""
455         self._ies.append(ie)
456         if not isinstance(ie, type):
457             self._ies_instances[ie.ie_key()] = ie
458             ie.set_downloader(self)
459
460     def get_info_extractor(self, ie_key):
461         """
462         Get an instance of an IE with name ie_key, it will try to get one from
463         the _ies list, if there's no instance it will create a new one and add
464         it to the extractor list.
465         """
466         ie = self._ies_instances.get(ie_key)
467         if ie is None:
468             ie = get_info_extractor(ie_key)()
469             self.add_info_extractor(ie)
470         return ie
471
472     def add_default_info_extractors(self):
473         """
474         Add the InfoExtractors returned by gen_extractors to the end of the list
475         """
476         for ie in gen_extractor_classes():
477             self.add_info_extractor(ie)
478
479     def add_post_processor(self, pp):
480         """Add a PostProcessor object to the end of the chain."""
481         self._pps.append(pp)
482         pp.set_downloader(self)
483
484     def add_progress_hook(self, ph):
485         """Add the progress hook (currently only for the file downloader)"""
486         self._progress_hooks.append(ph)
487
488     def _bidi_workaround(self, message):
489         if not hasattr(self, '_output_channel'):
490             return message
491
492         assert hasattr(self, '_output_process')
493         assert isinstance(message, compat_str)
494         line_count = message.count('\n') + 1
495         self._output_process.stdin.write((message + '\n').encode('utf-8'))
496         self._output_process.stdin.flush()
497         res = ''.join(self._output_channel.readline().decode('utf-8')
498                       for _ in range(line_count))
499         return res[:-len('\n')]
500
501     def to_screen(self, message, skip_eol=False):
502         """Print message to stdout if not in quiet mode."""
503         return self.to_stdout(message, skip_eol, check_quiet=True)
504
505     def _write_string(self, s, out=None):
506         write_string(s, out=out, encoding=self.params.get('encoding'))
507
508     def to_stdout(self, message, skip_eol=False, check_quiet=False):
509         """Print message to stdout if not in quiet mode."""
510         if self.params.get('logger'):
511             self.params['logger'].debug(message)
512         elif not check_quiet or not self.params.get('quiet', False):
513             message = self._bidi_workaround(message)
514             terminator = ['\n', ''][skip_eol]
515             output = message + terminator
516
517             self._write_string(output, self._screen_file)
518
519     def to_stderr(self, message):
520         """Print message to stderr."""
521         assert isinstance(message, compat_str)
522         if self.params.get('logger'):
523             self.params['logger'].error(message)
524         else:
525             message = self._bidi_workaround(message)
526             output = message + '\n'
527             self._write_string(output, self._err_file)
528
529     def to_console_title(self, message):
530         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
531             return
532         if compat_os_name == 'nt':
533             if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
534                 # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
535                 # already of type unicode()
536                 ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(ctypes.c_wchar_p(message))
537         elif 'TERM' in os.environ:
538             self._write_string('\033]0;%s\007' % message, self._screen_file)
539
540     def save_console_title(self):
541         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
542             return
543         if self.params.get('simulate', False):
544             return
545         if compat_os_name != 'nt' and 'TERM' in os.environ:
546             # Save the title on stack
547             self._write_string('\033[22;0t', self._screen_file)
548
549     def restore_console_title(self):
550         if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
551             return
552         if self.params.get('simulate', False):
553             return
554         if compat_os_name != 'nt' and 'TERM' in os.environ:
555             # Restore the title from stack
556             self._write_string('\033[23;0t', self._screen_file)
557
558     def __enter__(self):
559         self.save_console_title()
560         return self
561
562     def __exit__(self, *args):
563         self.restore_console_title()
564
565         if self.params.get('cookiefile') is not None:
566             self.cookiejar.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
567
568     def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None):
569         """Determine action to take when a download problem appears.
570
571         Depending on if the downloader has been configured to ignore
572         download errors or not, this method may throw an exception or
573         not when errors are found, after printing the message.
574
575         tb, if given, is additional traceback information.
576         """
577         if message is not None:
578             self.to_stderr(message)
579         if self.params.get('verbose'):
580             if tb is None:
581                 if sys.exc_info()[0]:  # if .trouble has been called from an except block
582                     tb = ''
583                     if hasattr(sys.exc_info()[1], 'exc_info') and sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info[0]:
584                         tb += ''.join(traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info))
585                     tb += encode_compat_str(traceback.format_exc())
586                 else:
587                     tb_data = traceback.format_list(traceback.extract_stack())
588                     tb = ''.join(tb_data)
589             self.to_stderr(tb)
590         if not self.params.get('ignoreerrors', False):
591             if sys.exc_info()[0] and hasattr(sys.exc_info()[1], 'exc_info') and sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info[0]:
592                 exc_info = sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info
593             else:
594                 exc_info = sys.exc_info()
595             raise DownloadError(message, exc_info)
596         self._download_retcode = 1
597
598     def report_warning(self, message):
599         '''
600         Print the message to stderr, it will be prefixed with 'WARNING:'
601         If stderr is a tty file the 'WARNING:' will be colored
602         '''
603         if self.params.get('logger') is not None:
604             self.params['logger'].warning(message)
605         else:
606             if self.params.get('no_warnings'):
607                 return
608             if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
609                 _msg_header = '\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m'
610             else:
611                 _msg_header = 'WARNING:'
612             warning_message = '%s %s' % (_msg_header, message)
613             self.to_stderr(warning_message)
614
615     def report_error(self, message, tb=None):
616         '''
617         Do the same as trouble, but prefixes the message with 'ERROR:', colored
618         in red if stderr is a tty file.
619         '''
620         if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
621             _msg_header = '\033[0;31mERROR:\033[0m'
622         else:
623             _msg_header = 'ERROR:'
624         error_message = '%s %s' % (_msg_header, message)
625         self.trouble(error_message, tb)
626
627     def report_file_already_downloaded(self, file_name):
628         """Report file has already been fully downloaded."""
629         try:
630             self.to_screen('[download] %s has already been downloaded' % file_name)
631         except UnicodeEncodeError:
632             self.to_screen('[download] The file has already been downloaded')
633
634     def prepare_filename(self, info_dict):
635         """Generate the output filename."""
636         try:
637             template_dict = dict(info_dict)
638
639             template_dict['epoch'] = int(time.time())
640             autonumber_size = self.params.get('autonumber_size')
641             if autonumber_size is None:
642                 autonumber_size = 5
643             template_dict['autonumber'] = self.params.get('autonumber_start', 1) - 1 + self._num_downloads
644             if template_dict.get('resolution') is None:
645                 if template_dict.get('width') and template_dict.get('height'):
646                     template_dict['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (template_dict['width'], template_dict['height'])
647                 elif template_dict.get('height'):
648                     template_dict['resolution'] = '%sp' % template_dict['height']
649                 elif template_dict.get('width'):
650                     template_dict['resolution'] = '%dx?' % template_dict['width']
651
652             sanitize = lambda k, v: sanitize_filename(
653                 compat_str(v),
654                 restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames'),
655                 is_id=(k == 'id' or k.endswith('_id')))
656             template_dict = dict((k, v if isinstance(v, compat_numeric_types) else sanitize(k, v))
657                                  for k, v in template_dict.items()
658                                  if v is not None and not isinstance(v, (list, tuple, dict)))
659             template_dict = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 'NA', template_dict)
660
661             outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)
662
663             # For fields playlist_index and autonumber convert all occurrences
664             # of %(field)s to %(field)0Nd for backward compatibility
665             field_size_compat_map = {
666                 'playlist_index': len(str(template_dict['n_entries'])),
667                 'autonumber': autonumber_size,
668             }
669             FIELD_SIZE_COMPAT_RE = r'(?<!%)%\((?P<field>autonumber|playlist_index)\)s'
670             mobj = re.search(FIELD_SIZE_COMPAT_RE, outtmpl)
671             if mobj:
672                 outtmpl = re.sub(
673                     FIELD_SIZE_COMPAT_RE,
674                     r'%%(\1)0%dd' % field_size_compat_map[mobj.group('field')],
675                     outtmpl)
676
677             # Missing numeric fields used together with integer presentation types
678             # in format specification will break the argument substitution since
679             # string 'NA' is returned for missing fields. We will patch output
680             # template for missing fields to meet string presentation type.
681             for numeric_field in self._NUMERIC_FIELDS:
682                 if numeric_field not in template_dict:
683                     # As of [1] format syntax is:
684                     #  %[mapping_key][conversion_flags][minimum_width][.precision][length_modifier]type
685                     # 1. https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting
686                     FORMAT_RE = r'''(?x)
687                         (?<!%)
688                         %
689                         \({0}\)  # mapping key
690                         (?:[#0\-+ ]+)?  # conversion flags (optional)
691                         (?:\d+)?  # minimum field width (optional)
692                         (?:\.\d+)?  # precision (optional)
693                         [hlL]?  # length modifier (optional)
694                         [diouxXeEfFgGcrs%]  # conversion type
695                     '''
696                     outtmpl = re.sub(
697                         FORMAT_RE.format(numeric_field),
698                         r'%({0})s'.format(numeric_field), outtmpl)
699
700             # expand_path translates '%%' into '%' and '$$' into '$'
701             # correspondingly that is not what we want since we need to keep
702             # '%%' intact for template dict substitution step. Working around
703             # with boundary-alike separator hack.
704             sep = ''.join([random.choice(ascii_letters) for _ in range(32)])
705             outtmpl = outtmpl.replace('%%', '%{0}%'.format(sep)).replace('$$', '${0}$'.format(sep))
706
707             # outtmpl should be expand_path'ed before template dict substitution
708             # because meta fields may contain env variables we don't want to
709             # be expanded. For example, for outtmpl "%(title)s.%(ext)s" and
710             # title "Hello $PATH", we don't want `$PATH` to be expanded.
711             filename = expand_path(outtmpl).replace(sep, '') % template_dict
712
713             # Temporary fix for #4787
714             # 'Treat' all problem characters by passing filename through preferredencoding
715             # to workaround encoding issues with subprocess on python2 @ Windows
716             if sys.version_info < (3, 0) and sys.platform == 'win32':
717                 filename = encodeFilename(filename, True).decode(preferredencoding())
718             return sanitize_path(filename)
719         except ValueError as err:
720             self.report_error('Error in output template: ' + str(err) + ' (encoding: ' + repr(preferredencoding()) + ')')
721             return None
722
723     def _match_entry(self, info_dict, incomplete):
724         """ Returns None iff the file should be downloaded """
725
726         video_title = info_dict.get('title', info_dict.get('id', 'video'))
727         if 'title' in info_dict:
728             # This can happen when we're just evaluating the playlist
729             title = info_dict['title']
730             matchtitle = self.params.get('matchtitle', False)
731             if matchtitle:
732                 if not re.search(matchtitle, title, re.IGNORECASE):
733                     return '"' + title + '" title did not match pattern "' + matchtitle + '"'
734             rejecttitle = self.params.get('rejecttitle', False)
735             if rejecttitle:
736                 if re.search(rejecttitle, title, re.IGNORECASE):
737                     return '"' + title + '" title matched reject pattern "' + rejecttitle + '"'
738         date = info_dict.get('upload_date')
739         if date is not None:
740             dateRange = self.params.get('daterange', DateRange())
741             if date not in dateRange:
742                 return '%s upload date is not in range %s' % (date_from_str(date).isoformat(), dateRange)
743         view_count = info_dict.get('view_count')
744         if view_count is not None:
745             min_views = self.params.get('min_views')
746             if min_views is not None and view_count < min_views:
747                 return 'Skipping %s, because it has not reached minimum view count (%d/%d)' % (video_title, view_count, min_views)
748             max_views = self.params.get('max_views')
749             if max_views is not None and view_count > max_views:
750                 return 'Skipping %s, because it has exceeded the maximum view count (%d/%d)' % (video_title, view_count, max_views)
751         if age_restricted(info_dict.get('age_limit'), self.params.get('age_limit')):
752             return 'Skipping "%s" because it is age restricted' % video_title
753         if self.in_download_archive(info_dict):
754             return '%s has already been recorded in archive' % video_title
755
756         if not incomplete:
757             match_filter = self.params.get('match_filter')
758             if match_filter is not None:
759                 ret = match_filter(info_dict)
760                 if ret is not None:
761                     return ret
762
763         return None
764
765     @staticmethod
766     def add_extra_info(info_dict, extra_info):
767         '''Set the keys from extra_info in info dict if they are missing'''
768         for key, value in extra_info.items():
769             info_dict.setdefault(key, value)
770
771     def extract_info(self, url, download=True, ie_key=None, extra_info={},
772                      process=True, force_generic_extractor=False):
773         '''
774         Returns a list with a dictionary for each video we find.
775         If 'download', also downloads the videos.
776         extra_info is a dict containing the extra values to add to each result
777         '''
778
779         if not ie_key and force_generic_extractor:
780             ie_key = 'Generic'
781
782         if ie_key:
783             ies = [self.get_info_extractor(ie_key)]
784         else:
785             ies = self._ies
786
787         for ie in ies:
788             if not ie.suitable(url):
789                 continue
790
791             ie = self.get_info_extractor(ie.ie_key())
792             if not ie.working():
793                 self.report_warning('The program functionality for this site has been marked as broken, '
794                                     'and will probably not work.')
795
796             try:
797                 ie_result = ie.extract(url)
798                 if ie_result is None:  # Finished already (backwards compatibility; listformats and friends should be moved here)
799                     break
800                 if isinstance(ie_result, list):
801                     # Backwards compatibility: old IE result format
802                     ie_result = {
803                         '_type': 'compat_list',
804                         'entries': ie_result,
805                     }
806                 self.add_default_extra_info(ie_result, ie, url)
807                 if process:
808                     return self.process_ie_result(ie_result, download, extra_info)
809                 else:
810                     return ie_result
811             except GeoRestrictedError as e:
812                 msg = e.msg
813                 if e.countries:
814                     msg += '\nThis video is available in %s.' % ', '.join(
815                         map(ISO3166Utils.short2full, e.countries))
816                 msg += '\nYou might want to use a VPN or a proxy server (with --proxy) to workaround.'
817                 self.report_error(msg)
818                 break
819             except ExtractorError as e:  # An error we somewhat expected
820                 self.report_error(compat_str(e), e.format_traceback())
821                 break
822             except MaxDownloadsReached:
823                 raise
824             except Exception as e:
825                 if self.params.get('ignoreerrors', False):
826                     self.report_error(error_to_compat_str(e), tb=encode_compat_str(traceback.format_exc()))
827                     break
828                 else:
829                     raise
830         else:
831             self.report_error('no suitable InfoExtractor for URL %s' % url)
832
833     def add_default_extra_info(self, ie_result, ie, url):
834         self.add_extra_info(ie_result, {
835             'extractor': ie.IE_NAME,
836             'webpage_url': url,
837             'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(url),
838             'extractor_key': ie.ie_key(),
839         })
840
841     def process_ie_result(self, ie_result, download=True, extra_info={}):
842         """
843         Take the result of the ie(may be modified) and resolve all unresolved
844         references (URLs, playlist items).
845
846         It will also download the videos if 'download'.
847         Returns the resolved ie_result.
848         """
849         result_type = ie_result.get('_type', 'video')
850
851         if result_type in ('url', 'url_transparent'):
852             ie_result['url'] = sanitize_url(ie_result['url'])
853             extract_flat = self.params.get('extract_flat', False)
854             if ((extract_flat == 'in_playlist' and 'playlist' in extra_info)
855                     or extract_flat is True):
856                 self.__forced_printings(
857                     ie_result, self.prepare_filename(ie_result),
858                     incomplete=True)
859                 return ie_result
860
861         if result_type == 'video':
862             self.add_extra_info(ie_result, extra_info)
863             return self.process_video_result(ie_result, download=download)
864         elif result_type == 'url':
865             # We have to add extra_info to the results because it may be
866             # contained in a playlist
867             return self.extract_info(ie_result['url'],
868                                      download,
869                                      ie_key=ie_result.get('ie_key'),
870                                      extra_info=extra_info)
871         elif result_type == 'url_transparent':
872             # Use the information from the embedding page
873             info = self.extract_info(
874                 ie_result['url'], ie_key=ie_result.get('ie_key'),
875                 extra_info=extra_info, download=False, process=False)
876
877             # extract_info may return None when ignoreerrors is enabled and
878             # extraction failed with an error, don't crash and return early
879             # in this case
880             if not info:
881                 return info
882
883             force_properties = dict(
884                 (k, v) for k, v in ie_result.items() if v is not None)
885             for f in ('_type', 'url', 'id', 'extractor', 'extractor_key', 'ie_key'):
886                 if f in force_properties:
887                     del force_properties[f]
888             new_result = info.copy()
889             new_result.update(force_properties)
890
891             # Extracted info may not be a video result (i.e.
892             # info.get('_type', 'video') != video) but rather an url or
893             # url_transparent. In such cases outer metadata (from ie_result)
894             # should be propagated to inner one (info). For this to happen
895             # _type of info should be overridden with url_transparent. This
896             # fixes issue from https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/11163.
897             if new_result.get('_type') == 'url':
898                 new_result['_type'] = 'url_transparent'
899
900             return self.process_ie_result(
901                 new_result, download=download, extra_info=extra_info)
902         elif result_type in ('playlist', 'multi_video'):
903             # We process each entry in the playlist
904             playlist = ie_result.get('title') or ie_result.get('id')
905             self.to_screen('[download] Downloading playlist: %s' % playlist)
906
907             playlist_results = []
908
909             playliststart = self.params.get('playliststart', 1) - 1
910             playlistend = self.params.get('playlistend')
911             # For backwards compatibility, interpret -1 as whole list
912             if playlistend == -1:
913                 playlistend = None
914
915             playlistitems_str = self.params.get('playlist_items')
916             playlistitems = None
917             if playlistitems_str is not None:
918                 def iter_playlistitems(format):
919                     for string_segment in format.split(','):
920                         if '-' in string_segment:
921                             start, end = string_segment.split('-')
922                             for item in range(int(start), int(end) + 1):
923                                 yield int(item)
924                         else:
925                             yield int(string_segment)
926                 playlistitems = orderedSet(iter_playlistitems(playlistitems_str))
927
928             ie_entries = ie_result['entries']
929
930             def make_playlistitems_entries(list_ie_entries):
931                 num_entries = len(list_ie_entries)
932                 return [
933                     list_ie_entries[i - 1] for i in playlistitems
934                     if -num_entries <= i - 1 < num_entries]
935
936             def report_download(num_entries):
937                 self.to_screen(
938                     '[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos' %
939                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, num_entries))
940
941             if isinstance(ie_entries, list):
942                 n_all_entries = len(ie_entries)
943                 if playlistitems:
944                     entries = make_playlistitems_entries(ie_entries)
945                 else:
946                     entries = ie_entries[playliststart:playlistend]
947                 n_entries = len(entries)
948                 self.to_screen(
949                     '[%s] playlist %s: Collected %d video ids (downloading %d of them)' %
950                     (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_all_entries, n_entries))
951             elif isinstance(ie_entries, PagedList):
952                 if playlistitems:
953                     entries = []
954                     for item in playlistitems:
955                         entries.extend(ie_entries.getslice(
956                             item - 1, item
957                         ))
958                 else:
959                     entries = ie_entries.getslice(
960                         playliststart, playlistend)
961                 n_entries = len(entries)
962                 report_download(n_entries)
963             else:  # iterable
964                 if playlistitems:
965                     entries = make_playlistitems_entries(list(itertools.islice(
966                         ie_entries, 0, max(playlistitems))))
967                 else:
968                     entries = list(itertools.islice(
969                         ie_entries, playliststart, playlistend))
970                 n_entries = len(entries)
971                 report_download(n_entries)
972
973             if self.params.get('playlistreverse', False):
974                 entries = entries[::-1]
975
976             if self.params.get('playlistrandom', False):
977                 random.shuffle(entries)
978
979             x_forwarded_for = ie_result.get('__x_forwarded_for_ip')
980
981             for i, entry in enumerate(entries, 1):
982                 self.to_screen('[download] Downloading video %s of %s' % (i, n_entries))
983                 # This __x_forwarded_for_ip thing is a bit ugly but requires
984                 # minimal changes
985                 if x_forwarded_for:
986                     entry['__x_forwarded_for_ip'] = x_forwarded_for
987                 extra = {
988                     'n_entries': n_entries,
989                     'playlist': playlist,
990                     'playlist_id': ie_result.get('id'),
991                     'playlist_title': ie_result.get('title'),
992                     'playlist_uploader': ie_result.get('uploader'),
993                     'playlist_uploader_id': ie_result.get('uploader_id'),
994                     'playlist_index': playlistitems[i - 1] if playlistitems else i + playliststart,
995                     'extractor': ie_result['extractor'],
996                     'webpage_url': ie_result['webpage_url'],
997                     'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(ie_result['webpage_url']),
998                     'extractor_key': ie_result['extractor_key'],
999                 }
1000
1001                 reason = self._match_entry(entry, incomplete=True)
1002                 if reason is not None:
1003                     self.to_screen('[download] ' + reason)
1004                     continue
1005
1006                 entry_result = self.process_ie_result(entry,
1007                                                       download=download,
1008                                                       extra_info=extra)
1009                 playlist_results.append(entry_result)
1010             ie_result['entries'] = playlist_results
1011             self.to_screen('[download] Finished downloading playlist: %s' % playlist)
1012             return ie_result
1013         elif result_type == 'compat_list':
1014             self.report_warning(
1015                 'Extractor %s returned a compat_list result. '
1016                 'It needs to be updated.' % ie_result.get('extractor'))
1017
1018             def _fixup(r):
1019                 self.add_extra_info(
1020                     r,
1021                     {
1022                         'extractor': ie_result['extractor'],
1023                         'webpage_url': ie_result['webpage_url'],
1024                         'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(ie_result['webpage_url']),
1025                         'extractor_key': ie_result['extractor_key'],
1026                     }
1027                 )
1028                 return r
1029             ie_result['entries'] = [
1030                 self.process_ie_result(_fixup(r), download, extra_info)
1031                 for r in ie_result['entries']
1032             ]
1033             return ie_result
1034         else:
1035             raise Exception('Invalid result type: %s' % result_type)
1036
1037     def _build_format_filter(self, filter_spec):
1038         " Returns a function to filter the formats according to the filter_spec "
1039
1040         OPERATORS = {
1041             '<': operator.lt,
1042             '<=': operator.le,
1043             '>': operator.gt,
1044             '>=': operator.ge,
1045             '=': operator.eq,
1046             '!=': operator.ne,
1047         }
1048         operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*
1049             (?P<key>width|height|tbr|abr|vbr|asr|filesize|filesize_approx|fps)
1050             \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
1051             (?P<value>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)
1052             $
1053             ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, OPERATORS.keys())))
1054         m = operator_rex.search(filter_spec)
1055         if m:
1056             try:
1057                 comparison_value = int(m.group('value'))
1058             except ValueError:
1059                 comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('value'))
1060                 if comparison_value is None:
1061                     comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('value') + 'B')
1062                 if comparison_value is None:
1063                     raise ValueError(
1064                         'Invalid value %r in format specification %r' % (
1065                             m.group('value'), filter_spec))
1066             op = OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
1067
1068         if not m:
1069             STR_OPERATORS = {
1070                 '=': operator.eq,
1071                 '^=': lambda attr, value: attr.startswith(value),
1072                 '$=': lambda attr, value: attr.endswith(value),
1073                 '*=': lambda attr, value: value in attr,
1074             }
1075             str_operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)
1076                 \s*(?P<key>ext|acodec|vcodec|container|protocol|format_id)
1077                 \s*(?P<negation>!\s*)?(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?
1078                 \s*(?P<value>[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+)
1079                 \s*$
1080                 ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, STR_OPERATORS.keys())))
1081             m = str_operator_rex.search(filter_spec)
1082             if m:
1083                 comparison_value = m.group('value')
1084                 str_op = STR_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
1085                 if m.group('negation'):
1086                     op = lambda attr, value: not str_op(attr, value)
1087                 else:
1088                     op = str_op
1089
1090         if not m:
1091             raise ValueError('Invalid filter specification %r' % filter_spec)
1092
1093         def _filter(f):
1094             actual_value = f.get(m.group('key'))
1095             if actual_value is None:
1096                 return m.group('none_inclusive')
1097             return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
1098         return _filter
1099
1100     def _default_format_spec(self, info_dict, download=True):
1101
1102         def can_merge():
1103             merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
1104             return merger.available and merger.can_merge()
1105
1106         def prefer_best():
1107             if self.params.get('simulate', False):
1108                 return False
1109             if not download:
1110                 return False
1111             if self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL) == '-':
1112                 return True
1113             if info_dict.get('is_live'):
1114                 return True
1115             if not can_merge():
1116                 return True
1117             return False
1118
1119         req_format_list = ['bestvideo+bestaudio', 'best']
1120         if prefer_best():
1121             req_format_list.reverse()
1122         return '/'.join(req_format_list)
1123
1124     def build_format_selector(self, format_spec):
1125         def syntax_error(note, start):
1126             message = (
1127                 'Invalid format specification: '
1128                 '{0}\n\t{1}\n\t{2}^'.format(note, format_spec, ' ' * start[1]))
1129             return SyntaxError(message)
1130
1131         PICKFIRST = 'PICKFIRST'
1132         MERGE = 'MERGE'
1133         SINGLE = 'SINGLE'
1134         GROUP = 'GROUP'
1135         FormatSelector = collections.namedtuple('FormatSelector', ['type', 'selector', 'filters'])
1136
1137         def _parse_filter(tokens):
1138             filter_parts = []
1139             for type, string, start, _, _ in tokens:
1140                 if type == tokenize.OP and string == ']':
1141                     return ''.join(filter_parts)
1142                 else:
1143                     filter_parts.append(string)
1144
1145         def _remove_unused_ops(tokens):
1146             # Remove operators that we don't use and join them with the surrounding strings
1147             # for example: 'mp4' '-' 'baseline' '-' '16x9' is converted to 'mp4-baseline-16x9'
1148             ALLOWED_OPS = ('/', '+', ',', '(', ')')
1149             last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line = None, None, None, None
1150             for type, string, start, end, line in tokens:
1151                 if type == tokenize.OP and string == '[':
1152                     if last_string:
1153                         yield tokenize.NAME, last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line
1154                         last_string = None
1155                     yield type, string, start, end, line
1156                     # everything inside brackets will be handled by _parse_filter
1157                     for type, string, start, end, line in tokens:
1158                         yield type, string, start, end, line
1159                         if type == tokenize.OP and string == ']':
1160                             break
1161                 elif type == tokenize.OP and string in ALLOWED_OPS:
1162                     if last_string:
1163                         yield tokenize.NAME, last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line
1164                         last_string = None
1165                     yield type, string, start, end, line
1166                 elif type in [tokenize.NAME, tokenize.NUMBER, tokenize.OP]:
1167                     if not last_string:
1168                         last_string = string
1169                         last_start = start
1170                         last_end = end
1171                     else:
1172                         last_string += string
1173             if last_string:
1174                 yield tokenize.NAME, last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line
1175
1176         def _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_merge=False, inside_choice=False, inside_group=False):
1177             selectors = []
1178             current_selector = None
1179             for type, string, start, _, _ in tokens:
1180                 # ENCODING is only defined in python 3.x
1181                 if type == getattr(tokenize, 'ENCODING', None):
1182                     continue
1183                 elif type in [tokenize.NAME, tokenize.NUMBER]:
1184                     current_selector = FormatSelector(SINGLE, string, [])
1185                 elif type == tokenize.OP:
1186                     if string == ')':
1187                         if not inside_group:
1188                             # ')' will be handled by the parentheses group
1189                             tokens.restore_last_token()
1190                         break
1191                     elif inside_merge and string in ['/', ',']:
1192                         tokens.restore_last_token()
1193                         break
1194                     elif inside_choice and string == ',':
1195                         tokens.restore_last_token()
1196                         break
1197                     elif string == ',':
1198                         if not current_selector:
1199                             raise syntax_error('"," must follow a format selector', start)
1200                         selectors.append(current_selector)
1201                         current_selector = None
1202                     elif string == '/':
1203                         if not current_selector:
1204                             raise syntax_error('"/" must follow a format selector', start)
1205                         first_choice = current_selector
1206                         second_choice = _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_choice=True)
1207                         current_selector = FormatSelector(PICKFIRST, (first_choice, second_choice), [])
1208                     elif string == '[':
1209                         if not current_selector:
1210                             current_selector = FormatSelector(SINGLE, 'best', [])
1211                         format_filter = _parse_filter(tokens)
1212                         current_selector.filters.append(format_filter)
1213                     elif string == '(':
1214                         if current_selector:
1215                             raise syntax_error('Unexpected "("', start)
1216                         group = _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_group=True)
1217                         current_selector = FormatSelector(GROUP, group, [])
1218                     elif string == '+':
1219                         video_selector = current_selector
1220                         audio_selector = _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_merge=True)
1221                         if not video_selector or not audio_selector:
1222                             raise syntax_error('"+" must be between two format selectors', start)
1223                         current_selector = FormatSelector(MERGE, (video_selector, audio_selector), [])
1224                     else:
1225                         raise syntax_error('Operator not recognized: "{0}"'.format(string), start)
1226                 elif type == tokenize.ENDMARKER:
1227                     break
1228             if current_selector:
1229                 selectors.append(current_selector)
1230             return selectors
1231
1232         def _build_selector_function(selector):
1233             if isinstance(selector, list):
1234                 fs = [_build_selector_function(s) for s in selector]
1235
1236                 def selector_function(ctx):
1237                     for f in fs:
1238                         for format in f(ctx):
1239                             yield format
1240                 return selector_function
1241             elif selector.type == GROUP:
1242                 selector_function = _build_selector_function(selector.selector)
1243             elif selector.type == PICKFIRST:
1244                 fs = [_build_selector_function(s) for s in selector.selector]
1245
1246                 def selector_function(ctx):
1247                     for f in fs:
1248                         picked_formats = list(f(ctx))
1249                         if picked_formats:
1250                             return picked_formats
1251                     return []
1252             elif selector.type == SINGLE:
1253                 format_spec = selector.selector
1254
1255                 def selector_function(ctx):
1256                     formats = list(ctx['formats'])
1257                     if not formats:
1258                         return
1259                     if format_spec == 'all':
1260                         for f in formats:
1261                             yield f
1262                     elif format_spec in ['best', 'worst', None]:
1263                         format_idx = 0 if format_spec == 'worst' else -1
1264                         audiovideo_formats = [
1265                             f for f in formats
1266                             if f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none']
1267                         if audiovideo_formats:
1268                             yield audiovideo_formats[format_idx]
1269                         # for extractors with incomplete formats (audio only (soundcloud)
1270                         # or video only (imgur)) we will fallback to best/worst
1271                         # {video,audio}-only format
1272                         elif ctx['incomplete_formats']:
1273                             yield formats[format_idx]
1274                     elif format_spec == 'bestaudio':
1275                         audio_formats = [
1276                             f for f in formats
1277                             if f.get('vcodec') == 'none']
1278                         if audio_formats:
1279                             yield audio_formats[-1]
1280                     elif format_spec == 'worstaudio':
1281                         audio_formats = [
1282                             f for f in formats
1283                             if f.get('vcodec') == 'none']
1284                         if audio_formats:
1285                             yield audio_formats[0]
1286                     elif format_spec == 'bestvideo':
1287                         video_formats = [
1288                             f for f in formats
1289                             if f.get('acodec') == 'none']
1290                         if video_formats:
1291                             yield video_formats[-1]
1292                     elif format_spec == 'worstvideo':
1293                         video_formats = [
1294                             f for f in formats
1295                             if f.get('acodec') == 'none']
1296                         if video_formats:
1297                             yield video_formats[0]
1298                     else:
1299                         extensions = ['mp4', 'flv', 'webm', '3gp', 'm4a', 'mp3', 'ogg', 'aac', 'wav']
1300                         if format_spec in extensions:
1301                             filter_f = lambda f: f['ext'] == format_spec
1302                         else:
1303                             filter_f = lambda f: f['format_id'] == format_spec
1304                         matches = list(filter(filter_f, formats))
1305                         if matches:
1306                             yield matches[-1]
1307             elif selector.type == MERGE:
1308                 def _merge(formats_info):
1309                     format_1, format_2 = [f['format_id'] for f in formats_info]
1310                     # The first format must contain the video and the
1311                     # second the audio
1312                     if formats_info[0].get('vcodec') == 'none':
1313                         self.report_error('The first format must '
1314                                           'contain the video, try using '
1315                                           '"-f %s+%s"' % (format_2, format_1))
1316                         return
1317                     # Formats must be opposite (video+audio)
1318                     if formats_info[0].get('acodec') == 'none' and formats_info[1].get('acodec') == 'none':
1319                         self.report_error(
1320                             'Both formats %s and %s are video-only, you must specify "-f video+audio"'
1321                             % (format_1, format_2))
1322                         return
1323                     output_ext = (
1324                         formats_info[0]['ext']
1325                         if self.params.get('merge_output_format') is None
1326                         else self.params['merge_output_format'])
1327                     return {
1328                         'requested_formats': formats_info,
1329                         'format': '%s+%s' % (formats_info[0].get('format'),
1330                                              formats_info[1].get('format')),
1331                         'format_id': '%s+%s' % (formats_info[0].get('format_id'),
1332                                                 formats_info[1].get('format_id')),
1333                         'width': formats_info[0].get('width'),
1334                         'height': formats_info[0].get('height'),
1335                         'resolution': formats_info[0].get('resolution'),
1336                         'fps': formats_info[0].get('fps'),
1337                         'vcodec': formats_info[0].get('vcodec'),
1338                         'vbr': formats_info[0].get('vbr'),
1339                         'stretched_ratio': formats_info[0].get('stretched_ratio'),
1340                         'acodec': formats_info[1].get('acodec'),
1341                         'abr': formats_info[1].get('abr'),
1342                         'ext': output_ext,
1343                     }
1344                 video_selector, audio_selector = map(_build_selector_function, selector.selector)
1345
1346                 def selector_function(ctx):
1347                     for pair in itertools.product(
1348                             video_selector(copy.deepcopy(ctx)), audio_selector(copy.deepcopy(ctx))):
1349                         yield _merge(pair)
1350
1351             filters = [self._build_format_filter(f) for f in selector.filters]
1352
1353             def final_selector(ctx):
1354                 ctx_copy = copy.deepcopy(ctx)
1355                 for _filter in filters:
1356                     ctx_copy['formats'] = list(filter(_filter, ctx_copy['formats']))
1357                 return selector_function(ctx_copy)
1358             return final_selector
1359
1360         stream = io.BytesIO(format_spec.encode('utf-8'))
1361         try:
1362             tokens = list(_remove_unused_ops(compat_tokenize_tokenize(stream.readline)))
1363         except tokenize.TokenError:
1364             raise syntax_error('Missing closing/opening brackets or parenthesis', (0, len(format_spec)))
1365
1366         class TokenIterator(object):
1367             def __init__(self, tokens):
1368                 self.tokens = tokens
1369                 self.counter = 0
1370
1371             def __iter__(self):
1372                 return self
1373
1374             def __next__(self):
1375                 if self.counter >= len(self.tokens):
1376                     raise StopIteration()
1377                 value = self.tokens[self.counter]
1378                 self.counter += 1
1379                 return value
1380
1381             next = __next__
1382
1383             def restore_last_token(self):
1384                 self.counter -= 1
1385
1386         parsed_selector = _parse_format_selection(iter(TokenIterator(tokens)))
1387         return _build_selector_function(parsed_selector)
1388
1389     def _calc_headers(self, info_dict):
1390         res = std_headers.copy()
1391
1392         add_headers = info_dict.get('http_headers')
1393         if add_headers:
1394             res.update(add_headers)
1395
1396         cookies = self._calc_cookies(info_dict)
1397         if cookies:
1398             res['Cookie'] = cookies
1399
1400         if 'X-Forwarded-For' not in res:
1401             x_forwarded_for_ip = info_dict.get('__x_forwarded_for_ip')
1402             if x_forwarded_for_ip:
1403                 res['X-Forwarded-For'] = x_forwarded_for_ip
1404
1405         return res
1406
1407     def _calc_cookies(self, info_dict):
1408         pr = sanitized_Request(info_dict['url'])
1409         self.cookiejar.add_cookie_header(pr)
1410         return pr.get_header('Cookie')
1411
1412     def process_video_result(self, info_dict, download=True):
1413         assert info_dict.get('_type', 'video') == 'video'
1414
1415         if 'id' not in info_dict:
1416             raise ExtractorError('Missing "id" field in extractor result')
1417         if 'title' not in info_dict:
1418             raise ExtractorError('Missing "title" field in extractor result')
1419
1420         def report_force_conversion(field, field_not, conversion):
1421             self.report_warning(
1422                 '"%s" field is not %s - forcing %s conversion, there is an error in extractor'
1423                 % (field, field_not, conversion))
1424
1425         def sanitize_string_field(info, string_field):
1426             field = info.get(string_field)
1427             if field is None or isinstance(field, compat_str):
1428                 return
1429             report_force_conversion(string_field, 'a string', 'string')
1430             info[string_field] = compat_str(field)
1431
1432         def sanitize_numeric_fields(info):
1433             for numeric_field in self._NUMERIC_FIELDS:
1434                 field = info.get(numeric_field)
1435                 if field is None or isinstance(field, compat_numeric_types):
1436                     continue
1437                 report_force_conversion(numeric_field, 'numeric', 'int')
1438                 info[numeric_field] = int_or_none(field)
1439
1440         sanitize_string_field(info_dict, 'id')
1441         sanitize_numeric_fields(info_dict)
1442
1443         if 'playlist' not in info_dict:
1444             # It isn't part of a playlist
1445             info_dict['playlist'] = None
1446             info_dict['playlist_index'] = None
1447
1448         thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
1449         if thumbnails is None:
1450             thumbnail = info_dict.get('thumbnail')
1451             if thumbnail:
1452                 info_dict['thumbnails'] = thumbnails = [{'url': thumbnail}]
1453         if thumbnails:
1454             thumbnails.sort(key=lambda t: (
1455                 t.get('preference') if t.get('preference') is not None else -1,
1456                 t.get('width') if t.get('width') is not None else -1,
1457                 t.get('height') if t.get('height') is not None else -1,
1458                 t.get('id') if t.get('id') is not None else '', t.get('url')))
1459             for i, t in enumerate(thumbnails):
1460                 t['url'] = sanitize_url(t['url'])
1461                 if t.get('width') and t.get('height'):
1462                     t['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (t['width'], t['height'])
1463                 if t.get('id') is None:
1464                     t['id'] = '%d' % i
1465
1466         if self.params.get('list_thumbnails'):
1467             self.list_thumbnails(info_dict)
1468             return
1469
1470         thumbnail = info_dict.get('thumbnail')
1471         if thumbnail:
1472             info_dict['thumbnail'] = sanitize_url(thumbnail)
1473         elif thumbnails:
1474             info_dict['thumbnail'] = thumbnails[-1]['url']
1475
1476         if 'display_id' not in info_dict and 'id' in info_dict:
1477             info_dict['display_id'] = info_dict['id']
1478
1479         if info_dict.get('upload_date') is None and info_dict.get('timestamp') is not None:
1480             # Working around out-of-range timestamp values (e.g. negative ones on Windows,
1481             # see http://bugs.python.org/issue1646728)
1482             try:
1483                 upload_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(info_dict['timestamp'])
1484                 info_dict['upload_date'] = upload_date.strftime('%Y%m%d')
1485             except (ValueError, OverflowError, OSError):
1486                 pass
1487
1488         # Auto generate title fields corresponding to the *_number fields when missing
1489         # in order to always have clean titles. This is very common for TV series.
1490         for field in ('chapter', 'season', 'episode'):
1491             if info_dict.get('%s_number' % field) is not None and not info_dict.get(field):
1492                 info_dict[field] = '%s %d' % (field.capitalize(), info_dict['%s_number' % field])
1493
1494         for cc_kind in ('subtitles', 'automatic_captions'):
1495             cc = info_dict.get(cc_kind)
1496             if cc:
1497                 for _, subtitle in cc.items():
1498                     for subtitle_format in subtitle:
1499                         if subtitle_format.get('url'):
1500                             subtitle_format['url'] = sanitize_url(subtitle_format['url'])
1501                         if subtitle_format.get('ext') is None:
1502                             subtitle_format['ext'] = determine_ext(subtitle_format['url']).lower()
1503
1504         automatic_captions = info_dict.get('automatic_captions')
1505         subtitles = info_dict.get('subtitles')
1506
1507         if self.params.get('listsubtitles', False):
1508             if 'automatic_captions' in info_dict:
1509                 self.list_subtitles(
1510                     info_dict['id'], automatic_captions, 'automatic captions')
1511             self.list_subtitles(info_dict['id'], subtitles, 'subtitles')
1512             return
1513
1514         info_dict['requested_subtitles'] = self.process_subtitles(
1515             info_dict['id'], subtitles, automatic_captions)
1516
1517         # We now pick which formats have to be downloaded
1518         if info_dict.get('formats') is None:
1519             # There's only one format available
1520             formats = [info_dict]
1521         else:
1522             formats = info_dict['formats']
1523
1524         if not formats:
1525             raise ExtractorError('No video formats found!')
1526
1527         def is_wellformed(f):
1528             url = f.get('url')
1529             if not url:
1530                 self.report_warning(
1531                     '"url" field is missing or empty - skipping format, '
1532                     'there is an error in extractor')
1533                 return False
1534             if isinstance(url, bytes):
1535                 sanitize_string_field(f, 'url')
1536             return True
1537
1538         # Filter out malformed formats for better extraction robustness
1539         formats = list(filter(is_wellformed, formats))
1540
1541         formats_dict = {}
1542
1543         # We check that all the formats have the format and format_id fields
1544         for i, format in enumerate(formats):
1545             sanitize_string_field(format, 'format_id')
1546             sanitize_numeric_fields(format)
1547             format['url'] = sanitize_url(format['url'])
1548             if not format.get('format_id'):
1549                 format['format_id'] = compat_str(i)
1550             else:
1551                 # Sanitize format_id from characters used in format selector expression
1552                 format['format_id'] = re.sub(r'[\s,/+\[\]()]', '_', format['format_id'])
1553             format_id = format['format_id']
1554             if format_id not in formats_dict:
1555                 formats_dict[format_id] = []
1556             formats_dict[format_id].append(format)
1557
1558         # Make sure all formats have unique format_id
1559         for format_id, ambiguous_formats in formats_dict.items():
1560             if len(ambiguous_formats) > 1:
1561                 for i, format in enumerate(ambiguous_formats):
1562                     format['format_id'] = '%s-%d' % (format_id, i)
1563
1564         for i, format in enumerate(formats):
1565             if format.get('format') is None:
1566                 format['format'] = '{id} - {res}{note}'.format(
1567                     id=format['format_id'],
1568                     res=self.format_resolution(format),
1569                     note=' ({0})'.format(format['format_note']) if format.get('format_note') is not None else '',
1570                 )
1571             # Automatically determine file extension if missing
1572             if format.get('ext') is None:
1573                 format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
1574             # Automatically determine protocol if missing (useful for format
1575             # selection purposes)
1576             if format.get('protocol') is None:
1577                 format['protocol'] = determine_protocol(format)
1578             # Add HTTP headers, so that external programs can use them from the
1579             # json output
1580             full_format_info = info_dict.copy()
1581             full_format_info.update(format)
1582             format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(full_format_info)
1583         # Remove private housekeeping stuff
1584         if '__x_forwarded_for_ip' in info_dict:
1585             del info_dict['__x_forwarded_for_ip']
1586
1587         # TODO Central sorting goes here
1588
1589         if formats[0] is not info_dict:
1590             # only set the 'formats' fields if the original info_dict list them
1591             # otherwise we end up with a circular reference, the first (and unique)
1592             # element in the 'formats' field in info_dict is info_dict itself,
1593             # which can't be exported to json
1594             info_dict['formats'] = formats
1595         if self.params.get('listformats'):
1596             self.list_formats(info_dict)
1597             return
1598
1599         req_format = self.params.get('format')
1600         if req_format is None:
1601             req_format = self._default_format_spec(info_dict, download=download)
1602             if self.params.get('verbose'):
1603                 self.to_stdout('[debug] Default format spec: %s' % req_format)
1604
1605         format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
1606
1607         # While in format selection we may need to have an access to the original
1608         # format set in order to calculate some metrics or do some processing.
1609         # For now we need to be able to guess whether original formats provided
1610         # by extractor are incomplete or not (i.e. whether extractor provides only
1611         # video-only or audio-only formats) for proper formats selection for
1612         # extractors with such incomplete formats (see
1613         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/5556).
1614         # Since formats may be filtered during format selection and may not match
1615         # the original formats the results may be incorrect. Thus original formats
1616         # or pre-calculated metrics should be passed to format selection routines
1617         # as well.
1618         # We will pass a context object containing all necessary additional data
1619         # instead of just formats.
1620         # This fixes incorrect format selection issue (see
1621         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10083).
1622         incomplete_formats = (
1623             # All formats are video-only or
1624             all(f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') == 'none' for f in formats)
1625             # all formats are audio-only
1626             or all(f.get('vcodec') == 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none' for f in formats))
1627
1628         ctx = {
1629             'formats': formats,
1630             'incomplete_formats': incomplete_formats,
1631         }
1632
1633         formats_to_download = list(format_selector(ctx))
1634         if not formats_to_download:
1635             raise ExtractorError('requested format not available',
1636                                  expected=True)
1637
1638         if download:
1639             if len(formats_to_download) > 1:
1640                 self.to_screen('[info] %s: downloading video in %s formats' % (info_dict['id'], len(formats_to_download)))
1641             for format in formats_to_download:
1642                 new_info = dict(info_dict)
1643                 new_info.update(format)
1644                 self.process_info(new_info)
1645         # We update the info dict with the best quality format (backwards compatibility)
1646         info_dict.update(formats_to_download[-1])
1647         return info_dict
1648
1649     def process_subtitles(self, video_id, normal_subtitles, automatic_captions):
1650         """Select the requested subtitles and their format"""
1651         available_subs = {}
1652         if normal_subtitles and self.params.get('writesubtitles'):
1653             available_subs.update(normal_subtitles)
1654         if automatic_captions and self.params.get('writeautomaticsub'):
1655             for lang, cap_info in automatic_captions.items():
1656                 if lang not in available_subs:
1657                     available_subs[lang] = cap_info
1658
1659         if (not self.params.get('writesubtitles') and not
1660                 self.params.get('writeautomaticsub') or not
1661                 available_subs):
1662             return None
1663
1664         if self.params.get('allsubtitles', False):
1665             requested_langs = available_subs.keys()
1666         else:
1667             if self.params.get('subtitleslangs', False):
1668                 requested_langs = self.params.get('subtitleslangs')
1669             elif 'en' in available_subs:
1670                 requested_langs = ['en']
1671             else:
1672                 requested_langs = [list(available_subs.keys())[0]]
1673
1674         formats_query = self.params.get('subtitlesformat', 'best')
1675         formats_preference = formats_query.split('/') if formats_query else []
1676         subs = {}
1677         for lang in requested_langs:
1678             formats = available_subs.get(lang)
1679             if formats is None:
1680                 self.report_warning('%s subtitles not available for %s' % (lang, video_id))
1681                 continue
1682             for ext in formats_preference:
1683                 if ext == 'best':
1684                     f = formats[-1]
1685                     break
1686                 matches = list(filter(lambda f: f['ext'] == ext, formats))
1687                 if matches:
1688                     f = matches[-1]
1689                     break
1690             else:
1691                 f = formats[-1]
1692                 self.report_warning(
1693                     'No subtitle format found matching "%s" for language %s, '
1694                     'using %s' % (formats_query, lang, f['ext']))
1695             subs[lang] = f
1696         return subs
1697
1698     def __forced_printings(self, info_dict, filename, incomplete):
1699         def print_mandatory(field):
1700             if (self.params.get('force%s' % field, False)
1701                     and (not incomplete or info_dict.get(field) is not None)):
1702                 self.to_stdout(info_dict[field])
1703
1704         def print_optional(field):
1705             if (self.params.get('force%s' % field, False)
1706                     and info_dict.get(field) is not None):
1707                 self.to_stdout(info_dict[field])
1708
1709         print_mandatory('title')
1710         print_mandatory('id')
1711         if self.params.get('forceurl', False) and not incomplete:
1712             if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
1713                 for f in info_dict['requested_formats']:
1714                     self.to_stdout(f['url'] + f.get('play_path', ''))
1715             else:
1716                 # For RTMP URLs, also include the playpath
1717                 self.to_stdout(info_dict['url'] + info_dict.get('play_path', ''))
1718         print_optional('thumbnail')
1719         print_optional('description')
1720         if self.params.get('forcefilename', False) and filename is not None:
1721             self.to_stdout(filename)
1722         if self.params.get('forceduration', False) and info_dict.get('duration') is not None:
1723             self.to_stdout(formatSeconds(info_dict['duration']))
1724         print_mandatory('format')
1725         if self.params.get('forcejson', False):
1726             self.to_stdout(json.dumps(info_dict))
1727
1728     def process_info(self, info_dict):
1729         """Process a single resolved IE result."""
1730
1731         assert info_dict.get('_type', 'video') == 'video'
1732
1733         max_downloads = self.params.get('max_downloads')
1734         if max_downloads is not None:
1735             if self._num_downloads >= int(max_downloads):
1736                 raise MaxDownloadsReached()
1737
1738         # TODO: backward compatibility, to be removed
1739         info_dict['fulltitle'] = info_dict['title']
1740
1741         if 'format' not in info_dict:
1742             info_dict['format'] = info_dict['ext']
1743
1744         reason = self._match_entry(info_dict, incomplete=False)
1745         if reason is not None:
1746             self.to_screen('[download] ' + reason)
1747             return
1748
1749         self._num_downloads += 1
1750
1751         info_dict['_filename'] = filename = self.prepare_filename(info_dict)
1752
1753         # Forced printings
1754         self.__forced_printings(info_dict, filename, incomplete=False)
1755
1756         # Do nothing else if in simulate mode
1757         if self.params.get('simulate', False):
1758             return
1759
1760         if filename is None:
1761             return
1762
1763         def ensure_dir_exists(path):
1764             try:
1765                 dn = os.path.dirname(path)
1766                 if dn and not os.path.exists(dn):
1767                     os.makedirs(dn)
1768                 return True
1769             except (OSError, IOError) as err:
1770                 self.report_error('unable to create directory ' + error_to_compat_str(err))
1771                 return False
1772
1773         if not ensure_dir_exists(sanitize_path(encodeFilename(filename))):
1774             return
1775
1776         if self.params.get('writedescription', False):
1777             descfn = replace_extension(filename, 'description', info_dict.get('ext'))
1778             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(descfn)):
1779                 self.to_screen('[info] Video description is already present')
1780             elif info_dict.get('description') is None:
1781                 self.report_warning('There\'s no description to write.')
1782             else:
1783                 try:
1784                     self.to_screen('[info] Writing video description to: ' + descfn)
1785                     with io.open(encodeFilename(descfn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as descfile:
1786                         descfile.write(info_dict['description'])
1787                 except (OSError, IOError):
1788                     self.report_error('Cannot write description file ' + descfn)
1789                     return
1790
1791         if self.params.get('writeannotations', False):
1792             annofn = replace_extension(filename, 'annotations.xml', info_dict.get('ext'))
1793             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(annofn)):
1794                 self.to_screen('[info] Video annotations are already present')
1795             elif not info_dict.get('annotations'):
1796                 self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
1797             else:
1798                 try:
1799                     self.to_screen('[info] Writing video annotations to: ' + annofn)
1800                     with io.open(encodeFilename(annofn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as annofile:
1801                         annofile.write(info_dict['annotations'])
1802                 except (KeyError, TypeError):
1803                     self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
1804                 except (OSError, IOError):
1805                     self.report_error('Cannot write annotations file: ' + annofn)
1806                     return
1807
1808         subtitles_are_requested = any([self.params.get('writesubtitles', False),
1809                                        self.params.get('writeautomaticsub')])
1810
1811         if subtitles_are_requested and info_dict.get('requested_subtitles'):
1812             # subtitles download errors are already managed as troubles in relevant IE
1813             # that way it will silently go on when used with unsupporting IE
1814             subtitles = info_dict['requested_subtitles']
1815             ie = self.get_info_extractor(info_dict['extractor_key'])
1816             for sub_lang, sub_info in subtitles.items():
1817                 sub_format = sub_info['ext']
1818                 sub_filename = subtitles_filename(filename, sub_lang, sub_format, info_dict.get('ext'))
1819                 if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(sub_filename)):
1820                     self.to_screen('[info] Video subtitle %s.%s is already present' % (sub_lang, sub_format))
1821                 else:
1822                     self.to_screen('[info] Writing video subtitles to: ' + sub_filename)
1823                     if sub_info.get('data') is not None:
1824                         try:
1825                             # Use newline='' to prevent conversion of newline characters
1826                             # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10268
1827                             with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as subfile:
1828                                 subfile.write(sub_info['data'])
1829                         except (OSError, IOError):
1830                             self.report_error('Cannot write subtitles file ' + sub_filename)
1831                             return
1832                     else:
1833                         try:
1834                             sub_data = ie._request_webpage(
1835                                 sub_info['url'], info_dict['id'], note=False).read()
1836                             with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'wb') as subfile:
1837                                 subfile.write(sub_data)
1838                         except (ExtractorError, IOError, OSError, ValueError) as err:
1839                             self.report_warning('Unable to download subtitle for "%s": %s' %
1840                                                 (sub_lang, error_to_compat_str(err)))
1841                             continue
1842
1843         if self.params.get('writeinfojson', False):
1844             infofn = replace_extension(filename, 'info.json', info_dict.get('ext'))
1845             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(infofn)):
1846                 self.to_screen('[info] Video description metadata is already present')
1847             else:
1848                 self.to_screen('[info] Writing video description metadata as JSON to: ' + infofn)
1849                 try:
1850                     write_json_file(self.filter_requested_info(info_dict), infofn)
1851                 except (OSError, IOError):
1852                     self.report_error('Cannot write metadata to JSON file ' + infofn)
1853                     return
1854
1855         self._write_thumbnails(info_dict, filename)
1856
1857         if not self.params.get('skip_download', False):
1858             try:
1859                 def dl(name, info):
1860                     fd = get_suitable_downloader(info, self.params)(self, self.params)
1861                     for ph in self._progress_hooks:
1862                         fd.add_progress_hook(ph)
1863                     if self.params.get('verbose'):
1864                         self.to_stdout('[debug] Invoking downloader on %r' % info.get('url'))
1865                     return fd.download(name, info)
1866
1867                 if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
1868                     downloaded = []
1869                     success = True
1870                     merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
1871                     if not merger.available:
1872                         postprocessors = []
1873                         self.report_warning('You have requested multiple '
1874                                             'formats but ffmpeg or avconv are not installed.'
1875                                             ' The formats won\'t be merged.')
1876                     else:
1877                         postprocessors = [merger]
1878
1879                     def compatible_formats(formats):
1880                         video, audio = formats
1881                         # Check extension
1882                         video_ext, audio_ext = video.get('ext'), audio.get('ext')
1883                         if video_ext and audio_ext:
1884                             COMPATIBLE_EXTS = (
1885                                 ('mp3', 'mp4', 'm4a', 'm4p', 'm4b', 'm4r', 'm4v', 'ismv', 'isma'),
1886                                 ('webm')
1887                             )
1888                             for exts in COMPATIBLE_EXTS:
1889                                 if video_ext in exts and audio_ext in exts:
1890                                     return True
1891                         # TODO: Check acodec/vcodec
1892                         return False
1893
1894                     filename_real_ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1][1:]
1895                     filename_wo_ext = (
1896                         os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
1897                         if filename_real_ext == info_dict['ext']
1898                         else filename)
1899                     requested_formats = info_dict['requested_formats']
1900                     if self.params.get('merge_output_format') is None and not compatible_formats(requested_formats):
1901                         info_dict['ext'] = 'mkv'
1902                         self.report_warning(
1903                             'Requested formats are incompatible for merge and will be merged into mkv.')
1904                     # Ensure filename always has a correct extension for successful merge
1905                     filename = '%s.%s' % (filename_wo_ext, info_dict['ext'])
1906                     if os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename)):
1907                         self.to_screen(
1908                             '[download] %s has already been downloaded and '
1909                             'merged' % filename)
1910                     else:
1911                         for f in requested_formats:
1912                             new_info = dict(info_dict)
1913                             new_info.update(f)
1914                             fname = prepend_extension(
1915                                 self.prepare_filename(new_info),
1916                                 'f%s' % f['format_id'], new_info['ext'])
1917                             if not ensure_dir_exists(fname):
1918                                 return
1919                             downloaded.append(fname)
1920                             partial_success = dl(fname, new_info)
1921                             success = success and partial_success
1922                         info_dict['__postprocessors'] = postprocessors
1923                         info_dict['__files_to_merge'] = downloaded
1924                 else:
1925                     # Just a single file
1926                     success = dl(filename, info_dict)
1927             except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
1928                 self.report_error('unable to download video data: %s' % error_to_compat_str(err))
1929                 return
1930             except (OSError, IOError) as err:
1931                 raise UnavailableVideoError(err)
1932             except (ContentTooShortError, ) as err:
1933                 self.report_error('content too short (expected %s bytes and served %s)' % (err.expected, err.downloaded))
1934                 return
1935
1936             if success and filename != '-':
1937                 # Fixup content
1938                 fixup_policy = self.params.get('fixup')
1939                 if fixup_policy is None:
1940                     fixup_policy = 'detect_or_warn'
1941
1942                 INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE = 'Install ffmpeg or avconv to fix this automatically.'
1943
1944                 stretched_ratio = info_dict.get('stretched_ratio')
1945                 if stretched_ratio is not None and stretched_ratio != 1:
1946                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':
1947                         self.report_warning('%s: Non-uniform pixel ratio (%s)' % (
1948                             info_dict['id'], stretched_ratio))
1949                     elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
1950                         stretched_pp = FFmpegFixupStretchedPP(self)
1951                         if stretched_pp.available:
1952                             info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
1953                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(stretched_pp)
1954                         else:
1955                             self.report_warning(
1956                                 '%s: Non-uniform pixel ratio (%s). %s'
1957                                 % (info_dict['id'], stretched_ratio, INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
1958                     else:
1959                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
1960
1961                 if (info_dict.get('requested_formats') is None
1962                         and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash'):
1963                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':
1964                         self.report_warning(
1965                             '%s: writing DASH m4a. '
1966                             'Only some players support this container.'
1967                             % info_dict['id'])
1968                     elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
1969                         fixup_pp = FFmpegFixupM4aPP(self)
1970                         if fixup_pp.available:
1971                             info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
1972                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(fixup_pp)
1973                         else:
1974                             self.report_warning(
1975                                 '%s: writing DASH m4a. '
1976                                 'Only some players support this container. %s'
1977                                 % (info_dict['id'], INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
1978                     else:
1979                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
1980
1981                 if (info_dict.get('protocol') == 'm3u8_native'
1982                         or info_dict.get('protocol') == 'm3u8'
1983                         and self.params.get('hls_prefer_native')):
1984                     if fixup_policy == 'warn':
1985                         self.report_warning('%s: malformed AAC bitstream detected.' % (
1986                             info_dict['id']))
1987                     elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
1988                         fixup_pp = FFmpegFixupM3u8PP(self)
1989                         if fixup_pp.available:
1990                             info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
1991                             info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(fixup_pp)
1992                         else:
1993                             self.report_warning(
1994                                 '%s: malformed AAC bitstream detected. %s'
1995                                 % (info_dict['id'], INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
1996                     else:
1997                         assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
1998
1999                 try:
2000                     self.post_process(filename, info_dict)
2001                 except (PostProcessingError) as err:
2002                     self.report_error('postprocessing: %s' % str(err))
2003                     return
2004                 self.record_download_archive(info_dict)
2005
2006     def download(self, url_list):
2007         """Download a given list of URLs."""
2008         outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)
2009         if (len(url_list) > 1
2010                 and outtmpl != '-'
2011                 and '%' not in outtmpl
2012                 and self.params.get('max_downloads') != 1):
2013             raise SameFileError(outtmpl)
2014
2015         for url in url_list:
2016             try:
2017                 # It also downloads the videos
2018                 res = self.extract_info(
2019                     url, force_generic_extractor=self.params.get('force_generic_extractor', False))
2020             except UnavailableVideoError:
2021                 self.report_error('unable to download video')
2022             except MaxDownloadsReached:
2023                 self.to_screen('[info] Maximum number of downloaded files reached.')
2024                 raise
2025             else:
2026                 if self.params.get('dump_single_json', False):
2027                     self.to_stdout(json.dumps(res))
2028
2029         return self._download_retcode
2030
2031     def download_with_info_file(self, info_filename):
2032         with contextlib.closing(fileinput.FileInput(
2033                 [info_filename], mode='r',
2034                 openhook=fileinput.hook_encoded('utf-8'))) as f:
2035             # FileInput doesn't have a read method, we can't call json.load
2036             info = self.filter_requested_info(json.loads('\n'.join(f)))
2037         try:
2038             self.process_ie_result(info, download=True)
2039         except DownloadError:
2040             webpage_url = info.get('webpage_url')
2041             if webpage_url is not None:
2042                 self.report_warning('The info failed to download, trying with "%s"' % webpage_url)
2043                 return self.download([webpage_url])
2044             else:
2045                 raise
2046         return self._download_retcode
2047
2048     @staticmethod
2049     def filter_requested_info(info_dict):
2050         return dict(
2051             (k, v) for k, v in info_dict.items()
2052             if k not in ['requested_formats', 'requested_subtitles'])
2053
2054     def post_process(self, filename, ie_info):
2055         """Run all the postprocessors on the given file."""
2056         info = dict(ie_info)
2057         info['filepath'] = filename
2058         pps_chain = []
2059         if ie_info.get('__postprocessors') is not None:
2060             pps_chain.extend(ie_info['__postprocessors'])
2061         pps_chain.extend(self._pps)
2062         for pp in pps_chain:
2063             files_to_delete = []
2064             try:
2065                 files_to_delete, info = pp.run(info)
2066             except PostProcessingError as e:
2067                 self.report_error(e.msg)
2068             if files_to_delete and not self.params.get('keepvideo', False):
2069                 for old_filename in files_to_delete:
2070                     self.to_screen('Deleting original file %s (pass -k to keep)' % old_filename)
2071                     try:
2072                         os.remove(encodeFilename(old_filename))
2073                     except (IOError, OSError):
2074                         self.report_warning('Unable to remove downloaded original file')
2075
2076     def _make_archive_id(self, info_dict):
2077         video_id = info_dict.get('id')
2078         if not video_id:
2079             return
2080         # Future-proof against any change in case
2081         # and backwards compatibility with prior versions
2082         extractor = info_dict.get('extractor_key') or info_dict.get('ie_key')  # key in a playlist
2083         if extractor is None:
2084             url = str_or_none(info_dict.get('url'))
2085             if not url:
2086                 return
2087             # Try to find matching extractor for the URL and take its ie_key
2088             for ie in self._ies:
2089                 if ie.suitable(url):
2090                     extractor = ie.ie_key()
2091                     break
2092             else:
2093                 return
2094         return extractor.lower() + ' ' + video_id
2095
2096     def in_download_archive(self, info_dict):
2097         fn = self.params.get('download_archive')
2098         if fn is None:
2099             return False
2100
2101         vid_id = self._make_archive_id(info_dict)
2102         if not vid_id:
2103             return False  # Incomplete video information
2104
2105         try:
2106             with locked_file(fn, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as archive_file:
2107                 for line in archive_file:
2108                     if line.strip() == vid_id:
2109                         return True
2110         except IOError as ioe:
2111             if ioe.errno != errno.ENOENT:
2112                 raise
2113         return False
2114
2115     def record_download_archive(self, info_dict):
2116         fn = self.params.get('download_archive')
2117         if fn is None:
2118             return
2119         vid_id = self._make_archive_id(info_dict)
2120         assert vid_id
2121         with locked_file(fn, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as archive_file:
2122             archive_file.write(vid_id + '\n')
2123
2124     @staticmethod
2125     def format_resolution(format, default='unknown'):
2126         if format.get('vcodec') == 'none':
2127             return 'audio only'
2128         if format.get('resolution') is not None:
2129             return format['resolution']
2130         if format.get('height') is not None:
2131             if format.get('width') is not None:
2132                 res = '%sx%s' % (format['width'], format['height'])
2133             else:
2134                 res = '%sp' % format['height']
2135         elif format.get('width') is not None:
2136             res = '%dx?' % format['width']
2137         else:
2138             res = default
2139         return res
2140
2141     def _format_note(self, fdict):
2142         res = ''
2143         if fdict.get('ext') in ['f4f', 'f4m']:
2144             res += '(unsupported) '
2145         if fdict.get('language'):
2146             if res:
2147                 res += ' '
2148             res += '[%s] ' % fdict['language']
2149         if fdict.get('format_note') is not None:
2150             res += fdict['format_note'] + ' '
2151         if fdict.get('tbr') is not None:
2152             res += '%4dk ' % fdict['tbr']
2153         if fdict.get('container') is not None:
2154             if res:
2155                 res += ', '
2156             res += '%s container' % fdict['container']
2157         if (fdict.get('vcodec') is not None
2158                 and fdict.get('vcodec') != 'none'):
2159             if res:
2160                 res += ', '
2161             res += fdict['vcodec']
2162             if fdict.get('vbr') is not None:
2163                 res += '@'
2164         elif fdict.get('vbr') is not None and fdict.get('abr') is not None:
2165             res += 'video@'
2166         if fdict.get('vbr') is not None:
2167             res += '%4dk' % fdict['vbr']
2168         if fdict.get('fps') is not None:
2169             if res:
2170                 res += ', '
2171             res += '%sfps' % fdict['fps']
2172         if fdict.get('acodec') is not None:
2173             if res:
2174                 res += ', '
2175             if fdict['acodec'] == 'none':
2176                 res += 'video only'
2177             else:
2178                 res += '%-5s' % fdict['acodec']
2179         elif fdict.get('abr') is not None:
2180             if res:
2181                 res += ', '
2182             res += 'audio'
2183         if fdict.get('abr') is not None:
2184             res += '@%3dk' % fdict['abr']
2185         if fdict.get('asr') is not None:
2186             res += ' (%5dHz)' % fdict['asr']
2187         if fdict.get('filesize') is not None:
2188             if res:
2189                 res += ', '
2190             res += format_bytes(fdict['filesize'])
2191         elif fdict.get('filesize_approx') is not None:
2192             if res:
2193                 res += ', '
2194             res += '~' + format_bytes(fdict['filesize_approx'])
2195         return res
2196
2197     def list_formats(self, info_dict):
2198         formats = info_dict.get('formats', [info_dict])
2199         table = [
2200             [f['format_id'], f['ext'], self.format_resolution(f), self._format_note(f)]
2201             for f in formats
2202             if f.get('preference') is None or f['preference'] >= -1000]
2203         if len(formats) > 1:
2204             table[-1][-1] += (' ' if table[-1][-1] else '') + '(best)'
2205
2206         header_line = ['format code', 'extension', 'resolution', 'note']
2207         self.to_screen(
2208             '[info] Available formats for %s:\n%s' %
2209             (info_dict['id'], render_table(header_line, table)))
2210
2211     def list_thumbnails(self, info_dict):
2212         thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
2213         if not thumbnails:
2214             self.to_screen('[info] No thumbnails present for %s' % info_dict['id'])
2215             return
2216
2217         self.to_screen(
2218             '[info] Thumbnails for %s:' % info_dict['id'])
2219         self.to_screen(render_table(
2220             ['ID', 'width', 'height', 'URL'],
2221             [[t['id'], t.get('width', 'unknown'), t.get('height', 'unknown'), t['url']] for t in thumbnails]))
2222
2223     def list_subtitles(self, video_id, subtitles, name='subtitles'):
2224         if not subtitles:
2225             self.to_screen('%s has no %s' % (video_id, name))
2226             return
2227         self.to_screen(
2228             'Available %s for %s:' % (name, video_id))
2229         self.to_screen(render_table(
2230             ['Language', 'formats'],
2231             [[lang, ', '.join(f['ext'] for f in reversed(formats))]
2232                 for lang, formats in subtitles.items()]))
2233
2234     def urlopen(self, req):
2235         """ Start an HTTP download """
2236         if isinstance(req, compat_basestring):
2237             req = sanitized_Request(req)
2238         return self._opener.open(req, timeout=self._socket_timeout)
2239
2240     def print_debug_header(self):
2241         if not self.params.get('verbose'):
2242             return
2243
2244         if type('') is not compat_str:
2245             # Python 2.6 on SLES11 SP1 (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/3326)
2246             self.report_warning(
2247                 'Your Python is broken! Update to a newer and supported version')
2248
2249         stdout_encoding = getattr(
2250             sys.stdout, 'encoding', 'missing (%s)' % type(sys.stdout).__name__)
2251         encoding_str = (
2252             '[debug] Encodings: locale %s, fs %s, out %s, pref %s\n' % (
2253                 locale.getpreferredencoding(),
2254                 sys.getfilesystemencoding(),
2255                 stdout_encoding,
2256                 self.get_encoding()))
2257         write_string(encoding_str, encoding=None)
2258
2259         self._write_string('[debug] youtube-dl version ' + __version__ + '\n')
2260         if _LAZY_LOADER:
2261             self._write_string('[debug] Lazy loading extractors enabled' + '\n')
2262         try:
2263             sp = subprocess.Popen(
2264                 ['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'],
2265                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
2266                 cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
2267             out, err = sp.communicate()
2268             out = out.decode().strip()
2269             if re.match('[0-9a-f]+', out):
2270                 self._write_string('[debug] Git HEAD: ' + out + '\n')
2271         except Exception:
2272             try:
2273                 sys.exc_clear()
2274             except Exception:
2275                 pass
2276
2277         def python_implementation():
2278             impl_name = platform.python_implementation()
2279             if impl_name == 'PyPy' and hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info'):
2280                 return impl_name + ' version %d.%d.%d' % sys.pypy_version_info[:3]
2281             return impl_name
2282
2283         self._write_string('[debug] Python version %s (%s) - %s\n' % (
2284             platform.python_version(), python_implementation(),
2285             platform_name()))
2286
2287         exe_versions = FFmpegPostProcessor.get_versions(self)
2288         exe_versions['rtmpdump'] = rtmpdump_version()
2289         exe_versions['phantomjs'] = PhantomJSwrapper._version()
2290         exe_str = ', '.join(
2291             '%s %s' % (exe, v)
2292             for exe, v in sorted(exe_versions.items())
2293             if v
2294         )
2295         if not exe_str:
2296             exe_str = 'none'
2297         self._write_string('[debug] exe versions: %s\n' % exe_str)
2298
2299         proxy_map = {}
2300         for handler in self._opener.handlers:
2301             if hasattr(handler, 'proxies'):
2302                 proxy_map.update(handler.proxies)
2303         self._write_string('[debug] Proxy map: ' + compat_str(proxy_map) + '\n')
2304
2305         if self.params.get('call_home', False):
2306             ipaddr = self.urlopen('https://yt-dl.org/ip').read().decode('utf-8')
2307             self._write_string('[debug] Public IP address: %s\n' % ipaddr)
2308             latest_version = self.urlopen(
2309                 'https://yt-dl.org/latest/version').read().decode('utf-8')
2310             if version_tuple(latest_version) > version_tuple(__version__):
2311                 self.report_warning(
2312                     'You are using an outdated version (newest version: %s)! '
2313                     'See https://yt-dl.org/update if you need help updating.' %
2314                     latest_version)
2315
2316     def _setup_opener(self):
2317         timeout_val = self.params.get('socket_timeout')
2318         self._socket_timeout = 600 if timeout_val is None else float(timeout_val)
2319
2320         opts_cookiefile = self.params.get('cookiefile')
2321         opts_proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
2322
2323         if opts_cookiefile is None:
2324             self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.CookieJar()
2325         else:
2326             opts_cookiefile = expand_path(opts_cookiefile)
2327             self.cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar(opts_cookiefile)
2328             if os.access(opts_cookiefile, os.R_OK):
2329                 self.cookiejar.load(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
2330
2331         cookie_processor = YoutubeDLCookieProcessor(self.cookiejar)
2332         if opts_proxy is not None:
2333             if opts_proxy == '':
2334                 proxies = {}
2335             else:
2336                 proxies = {'http': opts_proxy, 'https': opts_proxy}
2337         else:
2338             proxies = compat_urllib_request.getproxies()
2339             # Set HTTPS proxy to HTTP one if given (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/805)
2340             if 'http' in proxies and 'https' not in proxies:
2341                 proxies['https'] = proxies['http']
2342         proxy_handler = PerRequestProxyHandler(proxies)
2343
2344         debuglevel = 1 if self.params.get('debug_printtraffic') else 0
2345         https_handler = make_HTTPS_handler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
2346         ydlh = YoutubeDLHandler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
2347         redirect_handler = YoutubeDLRedirectHandler()
2348         data_handler = compat_urllib_request_DataHandler()
2349
2350         # When passing our own FileHandler instance, build_opener won't add the
2351         # default FileHandler and allows us to disable the file protocol, which
2352         # can be used for malicious purposes (see
2353         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8227)
2354         file_handler = compat_urllib_request.FileHandler()
2355
2356         def file_open(*args, **kwargs):
2357             raise compat_urllib_error.URLError('file:// scheme is explicitly disabled in youtube-dl for security reasons')
2358         file_handler.file_open = file_open
2359
2360         opener = compat_urllib_request.build_opener(
2361             proxy_handler, https_handler, cookie_processor, ydlh, redirect_handler, data_handler, file_handler)
2362
2363         # Delete the default user-agent header, which would otherwise apply in
2364         # cases where our custom HTTP handler doesn't come into play
2365         # (See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1309 for details)
2366         opener.addheaders = []
2367         self._opener = opener
2368
2369     def encode(self, s):
2370         if isinstance(s, bytes):
2371             return s  # Already encoded
2372
2373         try:
2374             return s.encode(self.get_encoding())
2375         except UnicodeEncodeError as err:
2376             err.reason = err.reason + '. Check your system encoding configuration or use the --encoding option.'
2377             raise
2378
2379     def get_encoding(self):
2380         encoding = self.params.get('encoding')
2381         if encoding is None:
2382             encoding = preferredencoding()
2383         return encoding
2384
2385     def _write_thumbnails(self, info_dict, filename):
2386         if self.params.get('writethumbnail', False):
2387             thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
2388             if thumbnails:
2389                 thumbnails = [thumbnails[-1]]
2390         elif self.params.get('write_all_thumbnails', False):
2391             thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
2392         else:
2393             return
2394
2395         if not thumbnails:
2396             # No thumbnails present, so return immediately
2397             return
2398
2399         for t in thumbnails:
2400             thumb_ext = determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
2401             suffix = '_%s' % t['id'] if len(thumbnails) > 1 else ''
2402             thumb_display_id = '%s ' % t['id'] if len(thumbnails) > 1 else ''
2403             t['filename'] = thumb_filename = os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + suffix + '.' + thumb_ext
2404
2405             if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(thumb_filename)):
2406                 self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Thumbnail %sis already present' %
2407                                (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id))
2408             else:
2409                 self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Downloading thumbnail %s...' %
2410                                (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id))
2411                 try:
2412                     uf = self.urlopen(t['url'])
2413                     with open(encodeFilename(thumb_filename), 'wb') as thumbf:
2414                         shutil.copyfileobj(uf, thumbf)
2415                     self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Writing thumbnail %sto: %s' %
2416                                    (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id, thumb_filename))
2417                 except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
2418                     self.report_warning('Unable to download thumbnail "%s": %s' %
2419                                         (t['url'], error_to_compat_str(err)))