youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

   1 # coding: utf-8
   2
   3 import collections
   4 import errno
   5 import io
   6 import itertools
   7 import json
   8 import os.path
   9 import re
  10 import string
  11 import struct
  12 import traceback
  13 import zlib
  14
  15 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
  16 from .subtitles import SubtitlesInfoExtractor
  17 from ..utils import (
  18     compat_chr,
  19     compat_parse_qs,
  20     compat_urllib_parse,
  21     compat_urllib_request,
  22     compat_urlparse,
  23     compat_str,
  24
  25     clean_html,
  26     get_cachedir,
  27     get_element_by_id,
  28     get_element_by_attribute,
  29     ExtractorError,
  30     int_or_none,
  31     PagedList,
  32     RegexNotFoundError,
  33     unescapeHTML,
  34     unified_strdate,
  35     orderedSet,
  36     write_json_file,
  37 )
  38
  39 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
  40     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
  41     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
  42     _LANG_URL = r'https://www.youtube.com/?hl=en&persist_hl=1&gl=US&persist_gl=1&opt_out_ackd=1'
  43     _AGE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/verify_age?next_url=/&gl=US&hl=en'
  44     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
  45     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
  46     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  47
  48     def _set_language(self):
  49         return bool(self._download_webpage(
  50             self._LANG_URL, None,
  51             note=u'Setting language', errnote='unable to set language',
  52             fatal=False))
  53
  54     def _login(self):
  55         (username, password) = self._get_login_info()
  56         # No authentication to be performed
  57         if username is None:
  58             if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED:
  59                 raise ExtractorError(u'No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
  60             return False
  61
  62         login_page = self._download_webpage(
  63             self._LOGIN_URL, None,
  64             note=u'Downloading login page',
  65             errnote=u'unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
  66         if login_page is False:
  67             return
  68
  69         galx = self._search_regex(r'(?s)<input.+?name="GALX".+?value="(.+?)"',
  70                                   login_page, u'Login GALX parameter')
  71
  72         # Log in
  73         login_form_strs = {
  74                 u'continue': u'https://www.youtube.com/signin?action_handle_signin=true&feature=sign_in_button&hl=en_US&nomobiletemp=1',
  75                 u'Email': username,
  76                 u'GALX': galx,
  77                 u'Passwd': password,
  78                 u'PersistentCookie': u'yes',
  79                 u'_utf8': u'霱',
  80                 u'bgresponse': u'js_disabled',
  81                 u'checkConnection': u'',
  82                 u'checkedDomains': u'youtube',
  83                 u'dnConn': u'',
  84                 u'pstMsg': u'0',
  85                 u'rmShown': u'1',
  86                 u'secTok': u'',
  87                 u'signIn': u'Sign in',
  88                 u'timeStmp': u'',
  89                 u'service': u'youtube',
  90                 u'uilel': u'3',
  91                 u'hl': u'en_US',
  92         }
  93         # Convert to UTF-8 *before* urlencode because Python 2.x's urlencode
  94         # chokes on unicode
  95         login_form = dict((k.encode('utf-8'), v.encode('utf-8')) for k,v in login_form_strs.items())
  96         login_data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(login_form).encode('ascii')
  97
  98         req = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LOGIN_URL, login_data)
  99         login_results = self._download_webpage(
 100             req, None,
 101             note=u'Logging in', errnote=u'unable to log in', fatal=False)
 102         if login_results is False:
 103             return False
 104         if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', login_results) is not None:
 105             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to log in: bad username or password')
 106             return False
 107         return True
 108
 109     def _confirm_age(self):
 110         age_form = {
 111             'next_url': '/',
 112             'action_confirm': 'Confirm',
 113         }
 114         req = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._AGE_URL,
 115             compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(age_form).encode('ascii'))
 116
 117         self._download_webpage(
 118             req, None,
 119             note=u'Confirming age', errnote=u'Unable to confirm age')
 120         return True
 121
 122     def _real_initialize(self):
 123         if self._downloader is None:
 124             return
 125         if not self._set_language():
 126             return
 127         if not self._login():
 128             return
 129         self._confirm_age()
 130
 131
 132 class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, SubtitlesInfoExtractor):
 133     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com'
 134     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
 135                      (
 136                          (?:https?://|//)?                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL (optional)
 137                          (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/|
 138                             (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
 139                             (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com|
 140                             tube\.majestyc\.net/|
 141                             youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
 142                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
 143                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
 144                              (?:(?:v|embed|e)/)                               # v/ or embed/ or e/
 145                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
 146                                  (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?)?    # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
 147                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
 148                                  (?:.*?&)?                                    # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx)
 149                                  v=
 150                              )
 151                          ))
 152                          |youtu\.be/                                          # just youtu.be/xxxx
 153                          )
 154                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
 155                      ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
 156                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
 157                      $"""
 158     _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
 159     _formats = {
 160         '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240},
 161         '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270},
 162         '13': {'ext': '3gp'},
 163         '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144},
 164         '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 165         '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
 166         '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 167         '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 168         '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'height': 240},
 169         '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
 170         '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072},
 171         '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 172         '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 173         '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
 174         '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
 175
 176
 177         # 3d videos
 178         '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'resolution': '360p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 179         '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 180         '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'resolution': '720p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 181         '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'resolution': '1080p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 182         '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'resolution': '360p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 183         '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 184         '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'resolution': '720p', 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 185
 186         # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
 187         '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'resolution': '240p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 188         '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'resolution': '360p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 189         '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 190         '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'resolution': '720p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 191         '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'resolution': '1080p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 192         '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'resolution': '240p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 193         '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'resolution': '72p', 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 194
 195         # DASH mp4 video
 196         '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'resolution': '240p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
 197         '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'resolution': '360p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
 198         '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
 199         '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'resolution': '720p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
 200         '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'resolution': '1080p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
 201         '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1081, 'resolution': '>1080p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
 202         '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 192, 'resolution': '192p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
 203         '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'resolution': '1080p', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'preference': -40},
 204
 205         # Dash mp4 audio
 206         '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 48, 'preference': -50},
 207         '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 128, 'preference': -50},
 208         '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50},
 209
 210         # Dash webm
 211         '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 212         '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 213         '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 214         '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 215         '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 216         '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 217         '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'resolution': '240p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 218         '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'resolution': '360p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 219         '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 220         '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 221         '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'resolution': '480p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 222         '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'resolution': '720p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 223         '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'resolution': '1080p', 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 224
 225         # Dash webm audio
 226         '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH webm audio', 'abr': 48, 'preference': -50},
 227         '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH webm audio', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50},
 228
 229         # RTMP (unnamed)
 230         '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
 231     }
 232
 233     IE_NAME = u'youtube'
 234     _TESTS = [
 235         {
 236             u"url":  u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc",
 237             u"file":  u"BaW_jenozKc.mp4",
 238             u"info_dict": {
 239                 u"title": u"youtube-dl test video \"'/\\ä↭𝕐",
 240                 u"uploader": u"Philipp Hagemeister",
 241                 u"uploader_id": u"phihag",
 242                 u"upload_date": u"20121002",
 243                 u"description": u"test chars:  \"'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de ."
 244             }
 245         },
 246         {
 247             u"url":  u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY",
 248             u"file":  u"UxxajLWwzqY.mp4",
 249             u"note": u"Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)",
 250             u"info_dict": {
 251                 u"upload_date": u"20120506",
 252                 u"title": u"Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]",
 253                 u"description": u"md5:5b292926389560516e384ac437c0ec07",
 254                 u"uploader": u"Icona Pop",
 255                 u"uploader_id": u"IconaPop"
 256             }
 257         },
 258         {
 259             u"url":  u"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ",
 260             u"file":  u"07FYdnEawAQ.mp4",
 261             u"note": u"Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)",
 262             u"info_dict": {
 263                 u"upload_date": u"20130703",
 264                 u"title": u"Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Explicit)",
 265                 u"description": u"md5:64249768eec3bc4276236606ea996373",
 266                 u"uploader": u"justintimberlakeVEVO",
 267                 u"uploader_id": u"justintimberlakeVEVO"
 268             }
 269         },
 270         {
 271             u"url":  u"//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ",
 272             u"file":  u"yZIXLfi8CZQ.mp4",
 273             u"note": u"Embed-only video (#1746)",
 274             u"info_dict": {
 275                 u"upload_date": u"20120608",
 276                 u"title": u"Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012",
 277                 u"description": u"md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7",
 278                 u"uploader": u"SET India",
 279                 u"uploader_id": u"setindia"
 280             }
 281         },
 282         {
 283             u"url": u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I",
 284             u"file": u"a9LDPn-MO4I.m4a",
 285             u"note": u"256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest",
 286             u"info_dict": {
 287                 u"upload_date": "20121002",
 288                 u"uploader_id": "8KVIDEO",
 289                 u"description": "No description available.",
 290                 u"uploader": "8KVIDEO",
 291                 u"title": "UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4"
 292             },
 293             u"params": {
 294                 u"youtube_include_dash_manifest": True,
 295                 u"format": "141",
 296             },
 297         },
 298     ]
 299
 300
 301     @classmethod
 302     def suitable(cls, url):
 303         """Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE."""
 304         if YoutubePlaylistIE.suitable(url): return False
 305         return re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url) is not None
 306
 307     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 308         super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 309         self._player_cache = {}
 310
 311     def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
 312         """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
 313         self.to_screen(u'%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
 314
 315     def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
 316         """Report attempt to extract video information."""
 317         self.to_screen(u'%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
 318
 319     def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
 320         """Report extracted video URL."""
 321         self.to_screen(u'%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
 322
 323     def report_rtmp_download(self):
 324         """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
 325         self.to_screen(u'RTMP download detected')
 326
 327     def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, slen):
 328         id_m = re.match(r'.*-(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
 329                         player_url)
 330         player_type = id_m.group('ext')
 331         player_id = id_m.group('id')
 332
 333         # Read from filesystem cache
 334         func_id = '%s_%s_%d' % (player_type, player_id, slen)
 335         assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
 336         cache_dir = get_cachedir(self._downloader.params)
 337
 338         cache_enabled = cache_dir is not None
 339         if cache_enabled:
 340             cache_fn = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(cache_dir),
 341                                     u'youtube-sigfuncs',
 342                                     func_id + '.json')
 343             try:
 344                 with io.open(cache_fn, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as cachef:
 345                     cache_spec = json.load(cachef)
 346                 return lambda s: u''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
 347             except IOError:
 348                 pass  # No cache available
 349
 350         if player_type == 'js':
 351             code = self._download_webpage(
 352                 player_url, video_id,
 353                 note=u'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id),
 354                 errnote=u'Download of %s failed' % player_url)
 355             res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
 356         elif player_type == 'swf':
 357             urlh = self._request_webpage(
 358                 player_url, video_id,
 359                 note=u'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id),
 360                 errnote=u'Download of %s failed' % player_url)
 361             code = urlh.read()
 362             res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
 363         else:
 364             assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
 365
 366         if cache_enabled:
 367             try:
 368                 test_string = u''.join(map(compat_chr, range(slen)))
 369                 cache_res = res(test_string)
 370                 cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
 371                 try:
 372                     os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(cache_fn))
 373                 except OSError as ose:
 374                     if ose.errno != errno.EEXIST:
 375                         raise
 376                 write_json_file(cache_spec, cache_fn)
 377             except Exception:
 378                 tb = traceback.format_exc()
 379                 self._downloader.report_warning(
 380                     u'Writing cache to %r failed: %s' % (cache_fn, tb))
 381
 382         return res
 383
 384     def _print_sig_code(self, func, slen):
 385         def gen_sig_code(idxs):
 386             def _genslice(start, end, step):
 387                 starts = u'' if start == 0 else str(start)
 388                 ends = (u':%d' % (end+step)) if end + step >= 0 else u':'
 389                 steps = u'' if step == 1 else (u':%d' % step)
 390                 return u's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
 391
 392             step = None
 393             start = '(Never used)'  # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be
 394                                     # set as soon as step is set
 395             for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
 396                 if step is not None:
 397                     if i - prev == step:
 398                         continue
 399                     yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
 400                     step = None
 401                     continue
 402                 if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
 403                     step = i - prev
 404                     start = prev
 405                     continue
 406                 else:
 407                     yield u's[%d]' % prev
 408             if step is None:
 409                 yield u's[%d]' % i
 410             else:
 411                 yield _genslice(start, i, step)
 412
 413         test_string = u''.join(map(compat_chr, range(slen)))
 414         cache_res = func(test_string)
 415         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
 416         expr_code = u' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
 417         code = u'if len(s) == %d:\n    return %s\n' % (slen, expr_code)
 418         self.to_screen(u'Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
 419
 420     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
 421         funcname = self._search_regex(
 422             r'signature=([a-zA-Z]+)', jscode,
 423             u'Initial JS player signature function name')
 424
 425         functions = {}
 426
 427         def argidx(varname):
 428             return string.lowercase.index(varname)
 429
 430         def interpret_statement(stmt, local_vars, allow_recursion=20):
 431             if allow_recursion < 0:
 432                 raise ExtractorError(u'Recursion limit reached')
 433
 434             if stmt.startswith(u'var '):
 435                 stmt = stmt[len(u'var '):]
 436             ass_m = re.match(r'^(?P<out>[a-z]+)(?:\[(?P<index>[^\]]+)\])?' +
 437                              r'=(?P<expr>.*)$', stmt)
 438             if ass_m:
 439                 if ass_m.groupdict().get('index'):
 440                     def assign(val):
 441                         lvar = local_vars[ass_m.group('out')]
 442                         idx = interpret_expression(ass_m.group('index'),
 443                                                    local_vars, allow_recursion)
 444                         assert isinstance(idx, int)
 445                         lvar[idx] = val
 446                         return val
 447                     expr = ass_m.group('expr')
 448                 else:
 449                     def assign(val):
 450                         local_vars[ass_m.group('out')] = val
 451                         return val
 452                     expr = ass_m.group('expr')
 453             elif stmt.startswith(u'return '):
 454                 assign = lambda v: v
 455                 expr = stmt[len(u'return '):]
 456             else:
 457                 raise ExtractorError(
 458                     u'Cannot determine left side of statement in %r' % stmt)
 459
 460             v = interpret_expression(expr, local_vars, allow_recursion)
 461             return assign(v)
 462
 463         def interpret_expression(expr, local_vars, allow_recursion):
 464             if expr.isdigit():
 465                 return int(expr)
 466
 467             if expr.isalpha():
 468                 return local_vars[expr]
 469
 470             m = re.match(r'^(?P<in>[a-z]+)\.(?P<member>.*)$', expr)
 471             if m:
 472                 member = m.group('member')
 473                 val = local_vars[m.group('in')]
 474                 if member == 'split("")':
 475                     return list(val)
 476                 if member == 'join("")':
 477                     return u''.join(val)
 478                 if member == 'length':
 479                     return len(val)
 480                 if member == 'reverse()':
 481                     return val[::-1]
 482                 slice_m = re.match(r'slice\((?P<idx>.*)\)', member)
 483                 if slice_m:
 484                     idx = interpret_expression(
 485                         slice_m.group('idx'), local_vars, allow_recursion-1)
 486                     return val[idx:]
 487
 488             m = re.match(
 489                 r'^(?P<in>[a-z]+)\[(?P<idx>.+)\]$', expr)
 490             if m:
 491                 val = local_vars[m.group('in')]
 492                 idx = interpret_expression(m.group('idx'), local_vars,
 493                                            allow_recursion-1)
 494                 return val[idx]
 495
 496             m = re.match(r'^(?P<a>.+?)(?P<op>[%])(?P<b>.+?)$', expr)
 497             if m:
 498                 a = interpret_expression(m.group('a'),
 499                                          local_vars, allow_recursion)
 500                 b = interpret_expression(m.group('b'),
 501                                          local_vars, allow_recursion)
 502                 return a % b
 503
 504             m = re.match(
 505                 r'^(?P<func>[a-zA-Z$]+)\((?P<args>[a-z0-9,]+)\)$', expr)
 506             if m:
 507                 fname = m.group('func')
 508                 if fname not in functions:
 509                     functions[fname] = extract_function(fname)
 510                 argvals = [int(v) if v.isdigit() else local_vars[v]
 511                            for v in m.group('args').split(',')]
 512                 return functions[fname](argvals)
 513             raise ExtractorError(u'Unsupported JS expression %r' % expr)
 514
 515         def extract_function(funcname):
 516             func_m = re.search(
 517                 r'function ' + re.escape(funcname) +
 518                 r'\((?P<args>[a-z,]+)\){(?P<code>[^}]+)}',
 519                 jscode)
 520             argnames = func_m.group('args').split(',')
 521
 522             def resf(args):
 523                 local_vars = dict(zip(argnames, args))
 524                 for stmt in func_m.group('code').split(';'):
 525                     res = interpret_statement(stmt, local_vars)
 526                 return res
 527             return resf
 528
 529         initial_function = extract_function(funcname)
 530         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
 531
 532     def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
 533         if file_contents[1:3] != b'WS':
 534             raise ExtractorError(
 535                 u'Not an SWF file; header is %r' % file_contents[:3])
 536         if file_contents[:1] == b'C':
 537             content = zlib.decompress(file_contents[8:])
 538         else:
 539             raise NotImplementedError(u'Unsupported compression format %r' %
 540                                       file_contents[:1])
 541
 542         def extract_tags(content):
 543             pos = 0
 544             while pos < len(content):
 545                 header16 = struct.unpack('<H', content[pos:pos+2])[0]
 546                 pos += 2
 547                 tag_code = header16 >> 6
 548                 tag_len = header16 & 0x3f
 549                 if tag_len == 0x3f:
 550                     tag_len = struct.unpack('<I', content[pos:pos+4])[0]
 551                     pos += 4
 552                 assert pos+tag_len <= len(content)
 553                 yield (tag_code, content[pos:pos+tag_len])
 554                 pos += tag_len
 555
 556         code_tag = next(tag
 557                         for tag_code, tag in extract_tags(content)
 558                         if tag_code == 82)
 559         p = code_tag.index(b'\0', 4) + 1
 560         code_reader = io.BytesIO(code_tag[p:])
 561
 562         # Parse ABC (AVM2 ByteCode)
 563         def read_int(reader=None):
 564             if reader is None:
 565                 reader = code_reader
 566             res = 0
 567             shift = 0
 568             for _ in range(5):
 569                 buf = reader.read(1)
 570                 assert len(buf) == 1
 571                 b = struct.unpack('<B', buf)[0]
 572                 res = res | ((b & 0x7f) << shift)
 573                 if b & 0x80 == 0:
 574                     break
 575                 shift += 7
 576             return res
 577
 578         def u30(reader=None):
 579             res = read_int(reader)
 580             assert res & 0xf0000000 == 0
 581             return res
 582         u32 = read_int
 583
 584         def s32(reader=None):
 585             v = read_int(reader)
 586             if v & 0x80000000 != 0:
 587                 v = - ((v ^ 0xffffffff) + 1)
 588             return v
 589
 590         def read_string(reader=None):
 591             if reader is None:
 592                 reader = code_reader
 593             slen = u30(reader)
 594             resb = reader.read(slen)
 595             assert len(resb) == slen
 596             return resb.decode('utf-8')
 597
 598         def read_bytes(count, reader=None):
 599             if reader is None:
 600                 reader = code_reader
 601             resb = reader.read(count)
 602             assert len(resb) == count
 603             return resb
 604
 605         def read_byte(reader=None):
 606             resb = read_bytes(1, reader=reader)
 607             res = struct.unpack('<B', resb)[0]
 608             return res
 609
 610         # minor_version + major_version
 611         read_bytes(2 + 2)
 612
 613         # Constant pool
 614         int_count = u30()
 615         for _c in range(1, int_count):
 616             s32()
 617         uint_count = u30()
 618         for _c in range(1, uint_count):
 619             u32()
 620         double_count = u30()
 621         read_bytes((double_count-1) * 8)
 622         string_count = u30()
 623         constant_strings = [u'']
 624         for _c in range(1, string_count):
 625             s = read_string()
 626             constant_strings.append(s)
 627         namespace_count = u30()
 628         for _c in range(1, namespace_count):
 629             read_bytes(1)  # kind
 630             u30()  # name
 631         ns_set_count = u30()
 632         for _c in range(1, ns_set_count):
 633             count = u30()
 634             for _c2 in range(count):
 635                 u30()
 636         multiname_count = u30()
 637         MULTINAME_SIZES = {
 638             0x07: 2,  # QName
 639             0x0d: 2,  # QNameA
 640             0x0f: 1,  # RTQName
 641             0x10: 1,  # RTQNameA
 642             0x11: 0,  # RTQNameL
 643             0x12: 0,  # RTQNameLA
 644             0x09: 2,  # Multiname
 645             0x0e: 2,  # MultinameA
 646             0x1b: 1,  # MultinameL
 647             0x1c: 1,  # MultinameLA
 648         }
 649         multinames = [u'']
 650         for _c in range(1, multiname_count):
 651             kind = u30()
 652             assert kind in MULTINAME_SIZES, u'Invalid multiname kind %r' % kind
 653             if kind == 0x07:
 654                 u30()  # namespace_idx
 655                 name_idx = u30()
 656                 multinames.append(constant_strings[name_idx])
 657             else:
 658                 multinames.append('[MULTINAME kind: %d]' % kind)
 659                 for _c2 in range(MULTINAME_SIZES[kind]):
 660                     u30()
 661
 662         # Methods
 663         method_count = u30()
 664         MethodInfo = collections.namedtuple(
 665             'MethodInfo',
 666             ['NEED_ARGUMENTS', 'NEED_REST'])
 667         method_infos = []
 668         for method_id in range(method_count):
 669             param_count = u30()
 670             u30()  # return type
 671             for _ in range(param_count):
 672                 u30()  # param type
 673             u30()  # name index (always 0 for youtube)
 674             flags = read_byte()
 675             if flags & 0x08 != 0:
 676                 # Options present
 677                 option_count = u30()
 678                 for c in range(option_count):
 679                     u30()  # val
 680                     read_bytes(1)  # kind
 681             if flags & 0x80 != 0:
 682                 # Param names present
 683                 for _ in range(param_count):
 684                     u30()  # param name
 685             mi = MethodInfo(flags & 0x01 != 0, flags & 0x04 != 0)
 686             method_infos.append(mi)
 687
 688         # Metadata
 689         metadata_count = u30()
 690         for _c in range(metadata_count):
 691             u30()  # name
 692             item_count = u30()
 693             for _c2 in range(item_count):
 694                 u30()  # key
 695                 u30()  # value
 696
 697         def parse_traits_info():
 698             trait_name_idx = u30()
 699             kind_full = read_byte()
 700             kind = kind_full & 0x0f
 701             attrs = kind_full >> 4
 702             methods = {}
 703             if kind in [0x00, 0x06]:  # Slot or Const
 704                 u30()  # Slot id
 705                 u30()  # type_name_idx
 706                 vindex = u30()
 707                 if vindex != 0:
 708                     read_byte()  # vkind
 709             elif kind in [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]:  # Method / Getter / Setter
 710                 u30()  # disp_id
 711                 method_idx = u30()
 712                 methods[multinames[trait_name_idx]] = method_idx
 713             elif kind == 0x04:  # Class
 714                 u30()  # slot_id
 715                 u30()  # classi
 716             elif kind == 0x05:  # Function
 717                 u30()  # slot_id
 718                 function_idx = u30()
 719                 methods[function_idx] = multinames[trait_name_idx]
 720             else:
 721                 raise ExtractorError(u'Unsupported trait kind %d' % kind)
 722
 723             if attrs & 0x4 != 0:  # Metadata present
 724                 metadata_count = u30()
 725                 for _c3 in range(metadata_count):
 726                     u30()  # metadata index
 727
 728             return methods
 729
 730         # Classes
 731         TARGET_CLASSNAME = u'SignatureDecipher'
 732         searched_idx = multinames.index(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
 733         searched_class_id = None
 734         class_count = u30()
 735         for class_id in range(class_count):
 736             name_idx = u30()
 737             if name_idx == searched_idx:
 738                 # We found the class we're looking for!
 739                 searched_class_id = class_id
 740             u30()  # super_name idx
 741             flags = read_byte()
 742             if flags & 0x08 != 0:  # Protected namespace is present
 743                 u30()  # protected_ns_idx
 744             intrf_count = u30()
 745             for _c2 in range(intrf_count):
 746                 u30()
 747             u30()  # iinit
 748             trait_count = u30()
 749             for _c2 in range(trait_count):
 750                 parse_traits_info()
 751
 752         if searched_class_id is None:
 753             raise ExtractorError(u'Target class %r not found' %
 754                                  TARGET_CLASSNAME)
 755
 756         method_names = {}
 757         method_idxs = {}
 758         for class_id in range(class_count):
 759             u30()  # cinit
 760             trait_count = u30()
 761             for _c2 in range(trait_count):
 762                 trait_methods = parse_traits_info()
 763                 if class_id == searched_class_id:
 764                     method_names.update(trait_methods.items())
 765                     method_idxs.update(dict(
 766                         (idx, name)
 767                         for name, idx in trait_methods.items()))
 768
 769         # Scripts
 770         script_count = u30()
 771         for _c in range(script_count):
 772             u30()  # init
 773             trait_count = u30()
 774             for _c2 in range(trait_count):
 775                 parse_traits_info()
 776
 777         # Method bodies
 778         method_body_count = u30()
 779         Method = collections.namedtuple('Method', ['code', 'local_count'])
 780         methods = {}
 781         for _c in range(method_body_count):
 782             method_idx = u30()
 783             u30()  # max_stack
 784             local_count = u30()
 785             u30()  # init_scope_depth
 786             u30()  # max_scope_depth
 787             code_length = u30()
 788             code = read_bytes(code_length)
 789             if method_idx in method_idxs:
 790                 m = Method(code, local_count)
 791                 methods[method_idxs[method_idx]] = m
 792             exception_count = u30()
 793             for _c2 in range(exception_count):
 794                 u30()  # from
 795                 u30()  # to
 796                 u30()  # target
 797                 u30()  # exc_type
 798                 u30()  # var_name
 799             trait_count = u30()
 800             for _c2 in range(trait_count):
 801                 parse_traits_info()
 802
 803         assert p + code_reader.tell() == len(code_tag)
 804         assert len(methods) == len(method_idxs)
 805
 806         method_pyfunctions = {}
 807
 808         def extract_function(func_name):
 809             if func_name in method_pyfunctions:
 810                 return method_pyfunctions[func_name]
 811             if func_name not in methods:
 812                 raise ExtractorError(u'Cannot find function %r' % func_name)
 813             m = methods[func_name]
 814
 815             def resfunc(args):
 816                 registers = ['(this)'] + list(args) + [None] * m.local_count
 817                 stack = []
 818                 coder = io.BytesIO(m.code)
 819                 while True:
 820                     opcode = struct.unpack('!B', coder.read(1))[0]
 821                     if opcode == 36:  # pushbyte
 822                         v = struct.unpack('!B', coder.read(1))[0]
 823                         stack.append(v)
 824                     elif opcode == 44:  # pushstring
 825                         idx = u30(coder)
 826                         stack.append(constant_strings[idx])
 827                     elif opcode == 48:  # pushscope
 828                         # We don't implement the scope register, so we'll just
 829                         # ignore the popped value
 830                         stack.pop()
 831                     elif opcode == 70:  # callproperty
 832                         index = u30(coder)
 833                         mname = multinames[index]
 834                         arg_count = u30(coder)
 835                         args = list(reversed(
 836                             [stack.pop() for _ in range(arg_count)]))
 837                         obj = stack.pop()
 838                         if mname == u'split':
 839                             assert len(args) == 1
 840                             assert isinstance(args[0], compat_str)
 841                             assert isinstance(obj, compat_str)
 842                             if args[0] == u'':
 843                                 res = list(obj)
 844                             else:
 845                                 res = obj.split(args[0])
 846                             stack.append(res)
 847                         elif mname == u'slice':
 848                             assert len(args) == 1
 849                             assert isinstance(args[0], int)
 850                             assert isinstance(obj, list)
 851                             res = obj[args[0]:]
 852                             stack.append(res)
 853                         elif mname == u'join':
 854                             assert len(args) == 1
 855                             assert isinstance(args[0], compat_str)
 856                             assert isinstance(obj, list)
 857                             res = args[0].join(obj)
 858                             stack.append(res)
 859                         elif mname in method_pyfunctions:
 860                             stack.append(method_pyfunctions[mname](args))
 861                         else:
 862                             raise NotImplementedError(
 863                                 u'Unsupported property %r on %r'
 864                                 % (mname, obj))
 865                     elif opcode == 72:  # returnvalue
 866                         res = stack.pop()
 867                         return res
 868                     elif opcode == 79:  # callpropvoid
 869                         index = u30(coder)
 870                         mname = multinames[index]
 871                         arg_count = u30(coder)
 872                         args = list(reversed(
 873                             [stack.pop() for _ in range(arg_count)]))
 874                         obj = stack.pop()
 875                         if mname == u'reverse':
 876                             assert isinstance(obj, list)
 877                             obj.reverse()
 878                         else:
 879                             raise NotImplementedError(
 880                                 u'Unsupported (void) property %r on %r'
 881                                 % (mname, obj))
 882                     elif opcode == 93:  # findpropstrict
 883                         index = u30(coder)
 884                         mname = multinames[index]
 885                         res = extract_function(mname)
 886                         stack.append(res)
 887                     elif opcode == 97:  # setproperty
 888                         index = u30(coder)
 889                         value = stack.pop()
 890                         idx = stack.pop()
 891                         obj = stack.pop()
 892                         assert isinstance(obj, list)
 893                         assert isinstance(idx, int)
 894                         obj[idx] = value
 895                     elif opcode == 98:  # getlocal
 896                         index = u30(coder)
 897                         stack.append(registers[index])
 898                     elif opcode == 99:  # setlocal
 899                         index = u30(coder)
 900                         value = stack.pop()
 901                         registers[index] = value
 902                     elif opcode == 102:  # getproperty
 903                         index = u30(coder)
 904                         pname = multinames[index]
 905                         if pname == u'length':
 906                             obj = stack.pop()
 907                             assert isinstance(obj, list)
 908                             stack.append(len(obj))
 909                         else:  # Assume attribute access
 910                             idx = stack.pop()
 911                             assert isinstance(idx, int)
 912                             obj = stack.pop()
 913                             assert isinstance(obj, list)
 914                             stack.append(obj[idx])
 915                     elif opcode == 128:  # coerce
 916                         u30(coder)
 917                     elif opcode == 133:  # coerce_s
 918                         assert isinstance(stack[-1], (type(None), compat_str))
 919                     elif opcode == 164:  # modulo
 920                         value2 = stack.pop()
 921                         value1 = stack.pop()
 922                         res = value1 % value2
 923                         stack.append(res)
 924                     elif opcode == 208:  # getlocal_0
 925                         stack.append(registers[0])
 926                     elif opcode == 209:  # getlocal_1
 927                         stack.append(registers[1])
 928                     elif opcode == 210:  # getlocal_2
 929                         stack.append(registers[2])
 930                     elif opcode == 211:  # getlocal_3
 931                         stack.append(registers[3])
 932                     elif opcode == 214:  # setlocal_2
 933                         registers[2] = stack.pop()
 934                     elif opcode == 215:  # setlocal_3
 935                         registers[3] = stack.pop()
 936                     else:
 937                         raise NotImplementedError(
 938                             u'Unsupported opcode %d' % opcode)
 939
 940             method_pyfunctions[func_name] = resfunc
 941             return resfunc
 942
 943         initial_function = extract_function(u'decipher')
 944         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
 945
 946     def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
 947         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
 948
 949         if player_url is not None:
 950             if player_url.startswith(u'//'):
 951                 player_url = u'https:' + player_url
 952             try:
 953                 player_id = (player_url, len(s))
 954                 if player_id not in self._player_cache:
 955                     func = self._extract_signature_function(
 956                         video_id, player_url, len(s)
 957                     )
 958                     self._player_cache[player_id] = func
 959                 func = self._player_cache[player_id]
 960                 if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
 961                     self._print_sig_code(func, len(s))
 962                 return func(s)
 963             except Exception:
 964                 tb = traceback.format_exc()
 965                 self._downloader.report_warning(
 966                     u'Automatic signature extraction failed: ' + tb)
 967
 968             self._downloader.report_warning(
 969                 u'Warning: Falling back to static signature algorithm')
 970
 971         return self._static_decrypt_signature(
 972             s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
 973
 974     def _static_decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate):
 975         if age_gate:
 976             # The videos with age protection use another player, so the
 977             # algorithms can be different.
 978             if len(s) == 86:
 979                 return s[2:63] + s[82] + s[64:82] + s[63]
 980
 981         if len(s) == 93:
 982             return s[86:29:-1] + s[88] + s[28:5:-1]
 983         elif len(s) == 92:
 984             return s[25] + s[3:25] + s[0] + s[26:42] + s[79] + s[43:79] + s[91] + s[80:83]
 985         elif len(s) == 91:
 986             return s[84:27:-1] + s[86] + s[26:5:-1]
 987         elif len(s) == 90:
 988             return s[25] + s[3:25] + s[2] + s[26:40] + s[77] + s[41:77] + s[89] + s[78:81]
 989         elif len(s) == 89:
 990             return s[84:78:-1] + s[87] + s[77:60:-1] + s[0] + s[59:3:-1]
 991         elif len(s) == 88:
 992             return s[7:28] + s[87] + s[29:45] + s[55] + s[46:55] + s[2] + s[56:87] + s[28]
 993         elif len(s) == 87:
 994             return s[6:27] + s[4] + s[28:39] + s[27] + s[40:59] + s[2] + s[60:]
 995         elif len(s) == 86:
 996             return s[80:72:-1] + s[16] + s[71:39:-1] + s[72] + s[38:16:-1] + s[82] + s[15::-1]
 997         elif len(s) == 85:
 998             return s[3:11] + s[0] + s[12:55] + s[84] + s[56:84]
 999         elif len(s) == 84:
1000             return s[78:70:-1] + s[14] + s[69:37:-1] + s[70] + s[36:14:-1] + s[80] + s[:14][::-1]
1001         elif len(s) == 83:
1002             return s[80:63:-1] + s[0] + s[62:0:-1] + s[63]
1003         elif len(s) == 82:
1004             return s[80:37:-1] + s[7] + s[36:7:-1] + s[0] + s[6:0:-1] + s[37]
1005         elif len(s) == 81:
1006             return s[56] + s[79:56:-1] + s[41] + s[55:41:-1] + s[80] + s[40:34:-1] + s[0] + s[33:29:-1] + s[34] + s[28:9:-1] + s[29] + s[8:0:-1] + s[9]
1007         elif len(s) == 80:
1008             return s[1:19] + s[0] + s[20:68] + s[19] + s[69:80]
1009         elif len(s) == 79:
1010             return s[54] + s[77:54:-1] + s[39] + s[53:39:-1] + s[78] + s[38:34:-1] + s[0] + s[33:29:-1] + s[34] + s[28:9:-1] + s[29] + s[8:0:-1] + s[9]
1011
1012         else:
1013             raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to decrypt signature, key length %d not supported; retrying might work' % (len(s)))
1014
1015     def _get_available_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
1016         try:
1017             sub_list = self._download_webpage(
1018                 'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
1019                 video_id, note=False)
1020         except ExtractorError as err:
1021             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to download video subtitles: %s' % compat_str(err))
1022             return {}
1023         lang_list = re.findall(r'name="([^"]*)"[^>]+lang_code="([\w\-]+)"', sub_list)
1024
1025         sub_lang_list = {}
1026         for l in lang_list:
1027             lang = l[1]
1028             params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
1029                 'lang': lang,
1030                 'v': video_id,
1031                 'fmt': self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat', 'srt'),
1032                 'name': unescapeHTML(l[0]).encode('utf-8'),
1033             })
1034             url = u'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params
1035             sub_lang_list[lang] = url
1036         if not sub_lang_list:
1037             self._downloader.report_warning(u'video doesn\'t have subtitles')
1038             return {}
1039         return sub_lang_list
1040
1041     def _get_available_automatic_caption(self, video_id, webpage):
1042         """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
1043            argument to speed up the process."""
1044         sub_format = self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat', 'srt')
1045         self.to_screen(u'%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
1046         mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer.config = ({.*?});', webpage)
1047         err_msg = u'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
1048         if mobj is None:
1049             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1050             return {}
1051         player_config = json.loads(mobj.group(1))
1052         try:
1053             args = player_config[u'args']
1054             caption_url = args[u'ttsurl']
1055             timestamp = args[u'timestamp']
1056             # We get the available subtitles
1057             list_params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
1058                 'type': 'list',
1059                 'tlangs': 1,
1060                 'asrs': 1,
1061             })
1062             list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
1063             caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
1064             original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
1065             if original_lang_node is None or original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind') != 'asr' :
1066                 self._downloader.report_warning(u'Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
1067                 return {}
1068             original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1069
1070             sub_lang_list = {}
1071             for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
1072                 sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1073                 params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
1074                     'lang': original_lang,
1075                     'tlang': sub_lang,
1076                     'fmt': sub_format,
1077                     'ts': timestamp,
1078                     'kind': 'asr',
1079                 })
1080                 sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = caption_url + '&' + params
1081             return sub_lang_list
1082         # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
1083         # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
1084         except (KeyError, ExtractorError):
1085             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1086             return {}
1087
1088     def _extract_id(self, url):
1089         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
1090         if mobj is None:
1091             raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1092         video_id = mobj.group(2)
1093         return video_id
1094
1095     def _extract_from_m3u8(self, manifest_url, video_id):
1096         url_map = {}
1097         def _get_urls(_manifest):
1098             lines = _manifest.split('\n')
1099             urls = filter(lambda l: l and not l.startswith('#'),
1100                             lines)
1101             return urls
1102         manifest = self._download_webpage(manifest_url, video_id, u'Downloading formats manifest')
1103         formats_urls = _get_urls(manifest)
1104         for format_url in formats_urls:
1105             itag = self._search_regex(r'itag/(\d+?)/', format_url, 'itag')
1106             url_map[itag] = format_url
1107         return url_map
1108
1109     def _extract_annotations(self, video_id):
1110         url = 'https://www.youtube.com/annotations_invideo?features=1&legacy=1&video_id=%s' % video_id
1111         return self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note=u'Searching for annotations.', errnote=u'Unable to download video annotations.')
1112
1113     def _real_extract(self, url):
1114         # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
1115         mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
1116         if mobj:
1117             url = 'https://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse.unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
1118         video_id = self._extract_id(url)
1119
1120         # Get video webpage
1121         url = 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1' % video_id
1122         video_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
1123
1124         # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
1125         mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
1126         if mobj is not None:
1127             player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
1128         else:
1129             player_url = None
1130
1131         # Get video info
1132         self.report_video_info_webpage_download(video_id)
1133         if re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None:
1134             self.report_age_confirmation()
1135             age_gate = True
1136             # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
1137             # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
1138             data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({'video_id': video_id,
1139                                                   'el': 'player_embedded',
1140                                                   'gl': 'US',
1141                                                   'hl': 'en',
1142                                                   'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
1143                                                   'asv': 3,
1144                                                   'sts':'1588',
1145                                                   })
1146             video_info_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
1147             video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(video_info_url, video_id,
1148                                     note=False,
1149                                     errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1150             video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1151         else:
1152             age_gate = False
1153             for el_type in ['&el=embedded', '&el=detailpage', '&el=vevo', '']:
1154                 video_info_url = ('https://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?&video_id=%s%s&ps=default&eurl=&gl=US&hl=en'
1155                         % (video_id, el_type))
1156                 video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(video_info_url, video_id,
1157                                         note=False,
1158                                         errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1159                 video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1160                 if 'token' in video_info:
1161                     break
1162         if 'token' not in video_info:
1163             if 'reason' in video_info:
1164                 raise ExtractorError(u'YouTube said: %s' % video_info['reason'][0], expected=True)
1165             else:
1166                 raise ExtractorError(u'"token" parameter not in video info for unknown reason')
1167
1168         if 'view_count' in video_info:
1169             view_count = int(video_info['view_count'][0])
1170         else:
1171             view_count = None
1172
1173         # Check for "rental" videos
1174         if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
1175             raise ExtractorError(u'"rental" videos not supported')
1176
1177         # Start extracting information
1178         self.report_information_extraction(video_id)
1179
1180         # uploader
1181         if 'author' not in video_info:
1182             raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to extract uploader name')
1183         video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['author'][0])
1184
1185         # uploader_id
1186         video_uploader_id = None
1187         mobj = re.search(r'<link itemprop="url" href="http://www.youtube.com/(?:user|channel)/([^"]+)">', video_webpage)
1188         if mobj is not None:
1189             video_uploader_id = mobj.group(1)
1190         else:
1191             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract uploader nickname')
1192
1193         # title
1194         if 'title' in video_info:
1195             video_title = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['title'][0])
1196         else:
1197             self._downloader.report_warning(u'Unable to extract video title')
1198             video_title = u'_'
1199
1200         # thumbnail image
1201         # We try first to get a high quality image:
1202         m_thumb = re.search(r'<span itemprop="thumbnail".*?href="(.*?)">',
1203                             video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
1204         if m_thumb is not None:
1205             video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
1206         elif 'thumbnail_url' not in video_info:
1207             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract video thumbnail')
1208             video_thumbnail = None
1209         else:   # don't panic if we can't find it
1210             video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['thumbnail_url'][0])
1211
1212         # upload date
1213         upload_date = None
1214         mobj = re.search(r'id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>', video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
1215         if mobj is not None:
1216             upload_date = ' '.join(re.sub(r'[/,-]', r' ', mobj.group(1)).split())
1217             upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
1218
1219         # description
1220         video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
1221         if video_description:
1222             video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
1223                 <a\s+
1224                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
1225                     title="([^"]+)"\s+
1226                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
1227                     class="yt-uix-redirect-link"\s*>
1228                 [^<]+
1229                 </a>
1230             ''', r'\1', video_description)
1231             video_description = clean_html(video_description)
1232         else:
1233             fd_mobj = re.search(r'<meta name="description" content="([^"]+)"', video_webpage)
1234             if fd_mobj:
1235                 video_description = unescapeHTML(fd_mobj.group(1))
1236             else:
1237                 video_description = u''
1238
1239         def _extract_count(klass):
1240             count = self._search_regex(
1241                 r'class="%s">([\d,]+)</span>' % re.escape(klass),
1242                 video_webpage, klass, default=None)
1243             if count is not None:
1244                 return int(count.replace(',', ''))
1245             return None
1246         like_count = _extract_count(u'likes-count')
1247         dislike_count = _extract_count(u'dislikes-count')
1248
1249         # subtitles
1250         video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
1251
1252         if self._downloader.params.get('listsubtitles', False):
1253             self._list_available_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
1254             return
1255
1256         if 'length_seconds' not in video_info:
1257             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract video duration')
1258             video_duration = None
1259         else:
1260             video_duration = int(compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['length_seconds'][0]))
1261
1262         # annotations
1263         video_annotations = None
1264         if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
1265                 video_annotations = self._extract_annotations(video_id)
1266
1267         # Decide which formats to download
1268         try:
1269             mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer.config = ({.*?});', video_webpage)
1270             if not mobj:
1271                 raise ValueError('Could not find vevo ID')
1272             info = json.loads(mobj.group(1))
1273             args = info['args']
1274             # Easy way to know if the 's' value is in url_encoded_fmt_stream_map
1275             # this signatures are encrypted
1276             if 'url_encoded_fmt_stream_map' not in args:
1277                 raise ValueError(u'No stream_map present')  # caught below
1278             re_signature = re.compile(r'[&,]s=')
1279             m_s = re_signature.search(args['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'])
1280             if m_s is not None:
1281                 self.to_screen(u'%s: Encrypted signatures detected.' % video_id)
1282                 video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'] = [args['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map']]
1283             m_s = re_signature.search(args.get('adaptive_fmts', u''))
1284             if m_s is not None:
1285                 if 'adaptive_fmts' in video_info:
1286                     video_info['adaptive_fmts'][0] += ',' + args['adaptive_fmts']
1287                 else:
1288                     video_info['adaptive_fmts'] = [args['adaptive_fmts']]
1289         except ValueError:
1290             pass
1291
1292         def _map_to_format_list(urlmap):
1293             formats = []
1294             for itag, video_real_url in urlmap.items():
1295                 dct = {
1296                     'format_id': itag,
1297                     'url': video_real_url,
1298                     'player_url': player_url,
1299                 }
1300                 if itag in self._formats:
1301                     dct.update(self._formats[itag])
1302                 formats.append(dct)
1303             return formats
1304
1305         if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
1306             self.report_rtmp_download()
1307             formats = [{
1308                 'format_id': '_rtmp',
1309                 'protocol': 'rtmp',
1310                 'url': video_info['conn'][0],
1311                 'player_url': player_url,
1312             }]
1313         elif len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [])) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [])) >= 1:
1314             encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts',[''])[0]
1315             if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
1316                 raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
1317             url_map = {}
1318             for url_data_str in encoded_url_map.split(','):
1319                 url_data = compat_parse_qs(url_data_str)
1320                 if 'itag' in url_data and 'url' in url_data:
1321                     url = url_data['url'][0]
1322                     if 'sig' in url_data:
1323                         url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
1324                     elif 's' in url_data:
1325                         encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
1326                         if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
1327                             if age_gate:
1328                                 if player_url is None:
1329                                     player_version = 'unknown'
1330                                 else:
1331                                     player_version = self._search_regex(
1332                                         r'-(.+)\.swf$', player_url,
1333                                         u'flash player', fatal=False)
1334                                 player_desc = 'flash player %s' % player_version
1335                             else:
1336                                 player_version = self._search_regex(
1337                                     r'html5player-(.+?)\.js', video_webpage,
1338                                     'html5 player', fatal=False)
1339                                 player_desc = u'html5 player %s' % player_version
1340
1341                             parts_sizes = u'.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in encrypted_sig.split('.'))
1342                             self.to_screen(u'encrypted signature length %d (%s), itag %s, %s' %
1343                                 (len(encrypted_sig), parts_sizes, url_data['itag'][0], player_desc))
1344
1345                         if not age_gate:
1346                             jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
1347                                 r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")',
1348                                 video_webpage, u'JS player URL')
1349                             player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
1350
1351                         signature = self._decrypt_signature(
1352                             encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
1353                         url += '&signature=' + signature
1354                     if 'ratebypass' not in url:
1355                         url += '&ratebypass=yes'
1356                     url_map[url_data['itag'][0]] = url
1357             formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
1358         elif video_info.get('hlsvp'):
1359             manifest_url = video_info['hlsvp'][0]
1360             url_map = self._extract_from_m3u8(manifest_url, video_id)
1361             formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
1362         else:
1363             raise ExtractorError(u'no conn, hlsvp or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
1364
1365         # Look for the DASH manifest
1366         dash_manifest_url_lst = video_info.get('dashmpd')
1367         if (dash_manifest_url_lst and dash_manifest_url_lst[0] and
1368                 self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', False)):
1369             try:
1370                 dash_doc = self._download_xml(
1371                     dash_manifest_url_lst[0], video_id,
1372                     note=u'Downloading DASH manifest',
1373                     errnote=u'Could not download DASH manifest')
1374                 for r in dash_doc.findall(u'.//{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}Representation'):
1375                     url_el = r.find('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}BaseURL')
1376                     if url_el is None:
1377                         continue
1378                     format_id = r.attrib['id']
1379                     video_url = url_el.text
1380                     filesize = int_or_none(url_el.attrib.get('{http://youtube.com/yt/2012/10/10}contentLength'))
1381                     f = {
1382                         'format_id': format_id,
1383                         'url': video_url,
1384                         'width': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('width')),
1385                         'tbr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('bandwidth'), 1000),
1386                         'asr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('audioSamplingRate')),
1387                         'filesize': filesize,
1388                     }
1389                     try:
1390                         existing_format = next(
1391                             fo for fo in formats
1392                             if fo['format_id'] == format_id)
1393                     except StopIteration:
1394                         f.update(self._formats.get(format_id, {}))
1395                         formats.append(f)
1396                     else:
1397                         existing_format.update(f)
1398
1399             except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
1400                 self.report_warning(u'Skipping DASH manifest: %s' % e, video_id)
1401
1402         self._sort_formats(formats)
1403
1404         return {
1405             'id':           video_id,
1406             'uploader':     video_uploader,
1407             'uploader_id':  video_uploader_id,
1408             'upload_date':  upload_date,
1409             'title':        video_title,
1410             'thumbnail':    video_thumbnail,
1411             'description':  video_description,
1412             'subtitles':    video_subtitles,
1413             'duration':     video_duration,
1414             'age_limit':    18 if age_gate else 0,
1415             'annotations':  video_annotations,
1416             'webpage_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
1417             'view_count':   view_count,
1418             'like_count': like_count,
1419             'dislike_count': dislike_count,
1420             'formats':      formats,
1421         }
1422
1423 class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
1424     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com playlists'
1425     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
1426                         (?:https?://)?
1427                         (?:\w+\.)?
1428                         youtube\.com/
1429                         (?:
1430                            (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch)
1431                            \? (?:.*?&)*? (?:p|a|list)=
1432                         |  p/
1433                         )
1434                         (
1435                             (?:PL|EC|UU|FL|RD)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
1436                             # Top tracks, they can also include dots
1437                             |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
1438                         )
1439                         .*
1440                      |
1441                         ((?:PL|EC|UU|FL|RD)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})
1442                      )"""
1443     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s&page=%s'
1444     _MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR = r'data-link-type="next"'
1445     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+)'
1446     IE_NAME = u'youtube:playlist'
1447
1448     def _real_initialize(self):
1449         self._login()
1450
1451     def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
1452         return [self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
1453                        for vid_id in ids]
1454
1455     def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
1456         # The mixes are generated from a a single video
1457         # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
1458         url = 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (playlist_id[-11:], playlist_id)
1459         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id, u'Downloading Youtube mix')
1460         title_span = (get_element_by_attribute('class', 'title long-title', webpage) or
1461             get_element_by_attribute('class', 'title ', webpage))
1462         title = clean_html(title_span)
1463         video_re = r'data-index="\d+".*?href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s' % re.escape(playlist_id)
1464         ids = orderedSet(re.findall(video_re, webpage))
1465         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
1466
1467         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
1468
1469     def _real_extract(self, url):
1470         # Extract playlist id
1471         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1472         if mobj is None:
1473             raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1474         playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
1475
1476         # Check if it's a video-specific URL
1477         query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
1478         if 'v' in query_dict:
1479             video_id = query_dict['v'][0]
1480             if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
1481                 self.to_screen(u'Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
1482                 return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
1483             else:
1484                 self.to_screen(u'Downloading playlist PL%s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
1485
1486         if playlist_id.startswith('RD'):
1487             # Mixes require a custom extraction process
1488             return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
1489         if playlist_id.startswith('TL'):
1490             raise ExtractorError(u'For downloading YouTube.com top lists, use '
1491                 u'the "yttoplist" keyword, for example "youtube-dl \'yttoplist:music:Top Tracks\'"', expected=True)
1492
1493         # Extract the video ids from the playlist pages
1494         ids = []
1495
1496         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
1497             url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % (playlist_id, page_num)
1498             page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id, u'Downloading page #%s' % page_num)
1499             matches = re.finditer(self._VIDEO_RE, page)
1500             # We remove the duplicates and the link with index 0
1501             # (it's not the first video of the playlist)
1502             new_ids = orderedSet(m.group('id') for m in matches if m.group('index') != '0')
1503             ids.extend(new_ids)
1504
1505             if re.search(self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR, page) is None:
1506                 break
1507
1508         try:
1509             playlist_title = self._og_search_title(page)
1510         except RegexNotFoundError:
1511             self.report_warning(
1512                 u'Playlist page is missing OpenGraph title, falling back ...',
1513                 playlist_id)
1514             playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
1515                 r'<h1 class="pl-header-title">(.*?)</h1>', page, u'title')
1516
1517         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
1518         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, playlist_title)
1519
1520
1521 class YoutubeTopListIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
1522     IE_NAME = u'youtube:toplist'
1523     IE_DESC = (u'YouTube.com top lists, "yttoplist:{channel}:{list title}"'
1524         u' (Example: "yttoplist:music:Top Tracks")')
1525     _VALID_URL = r'yttoplist:(?P<chann>.*?):(?P<title>.*?)$'
1526
1527     def _real_extract(self, url):
1528         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1529         channel = mobj.group('chann')
1530         title = mobj.group('title')
1531         query = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({'title': title})
1532         playlist_re = 'href="([^"]+?%s.*?)"' % re.escape(query)
1533         channel_page = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/%s' % channel, title)
1534         link = self._html_search_regex(playlist_re, channel_page, u'list')
1535         url = compat_urlparse.urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', link)
1536
1537         video_re = r'data-index="\d+".*?data-video-id="([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})"'
1538         ids = []
1539         # sometimes the webpage doesn't contain the videos
1540         # retry until we get them
1541         for i in itertools.count(0):
1542             msg = u'Downloading Youtube mix'
1543             if i > 0:
1544                 msg += ', retry #%d' % i
1545             webpage = self._download_webpage(url, title, msg)
1546             ids = orderedSet(re.findall(video_re, webpage))
1547             if ids:
1548                 break
1549         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
1550         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_title=title)
1551
1552
1553 class YoutubeChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
1554     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com channels'
1555     _VALID_URL = r"^(?:https?://)?(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com)/channel/([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)"
1556     _MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR = 'yt-uix-load-more'
1557     _MORE_PAGES_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/c4_browse_ajax?action_load_more_videos=1&flow=list&paging=%s&view=0&sort=da&channel_id=%s'
1558     IE_NAME = u'youtube:channel'
1559
1560     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
1561         ids_in_page = []
1562         for mobj in re.finditer(r'href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)&?', page):
1563             if mobj.group(1) not in ids_in_page:
1564                 ids_in_page.append(mobj.group(1))
1565         return ids_in_page
1566
1567     def _real_extract(self, url):
1568         # Extract channel id
1569         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1570         if mobj is None:
1571             raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1572
1573         # Download channel page
1574         channel_id = mobj.group(1)
1575         video_ids = []
1576         url = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos' % channel_id
1577         channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id)
1578         autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
1579                 class="[^"]*?(?:
1580                     channel-header-autogenerated-label|
1581                     yt-channel-title-autogenerated
1582                 )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
1583
1584         if autogenerated:
1585             # The videos are contained in a single page
1586             # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
1587             video_ids = self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)
1588         else:
1589             # Download all channel pages using the json-based channel_ajax query
1590             for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
1591                 url = self._MORE_PAGES_URL % (pagenum, channel_id)
1592                 page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id,
1593                                               u'Downloading page #%s' % pagenum)
1594
1595                 page = json.loads(page)
1596
1597                 ids_in_page = self.extract_videos_from_page(page['content_html'])
1598                 video_ids.extend(ids_in_page)
1599
1600                 if self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR not in page['load_more_widget_html']:
1601                     break
1602
1603         self._downloader.to_screen(u'[youtube] Channel %s: Found %i videos' % (channel_id, len(video_ids)))
1604
1605         url_entries = [self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
1606                        for video_id in video_ids]
1607         return self.playlist_result(url_entries, channel_id)
1608
1609
1610 class YoutubeUserIE(InfoExtractor):
1611     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
1612     _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:(?:https?://)?(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
1613     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s'
1614     _GDATA_PAGE_SIZE = 50
1615     _GDATA_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s/uploads?max-results=%d&start-index=%d&alt=json'
1616     IE_NAME = u'youtube:user'
1617
1618     @classmethod
1619     def suitable(cls, url):
1620         # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
1621         # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
1622         other_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
1623         if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_ies): return False
1624         else: return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
1625
1626     def _real_extract(self, url):
1627         # Extract username
1628         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1629         if mobj is None:
1630             raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1631
1632         username = mobj.group(1)
1633
1634         # Download video ids using YouTube Data API. Result size per
1635         # query is limited (currently to 50 videos) so we need to query
1636         # page by page until there are no video ids - it means we got
1637         # all of them.
1638
1639         def download_page(pagenum):
1640             start_index = pagenum * self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE + 1
1641
1642             gdata_url = self._GDATA_URL % (username, self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE, start_index)
1643             page = self._download_webpage(
1644                 gdata_url, username,
1645                 u'Downloading video ids from %d to %d' % (
1646                     start_index, start_index + self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE))
1647
1648             try:
1649                 response = json.loads(page)
1650             except ValueError as err:
1651                 raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid JSON in API response: ' + compat_str(err))
1652             if 'entry' not in response['feed']:
1653                 return
1654
1655             # Extract video identifiers
1656             entries = response['feed']['entry']
1657             for entry in entries:
1658                 title = entry['title']['$t']
1659                 video_id = entry['id']['$t'].split('/')[-1]
1660                 yield {
1661                     '_type': 'url',
1662                     'url': video_id,
1663                     'ie_key': 'Youtube',
1664                     'id': video_id,
1665                     'title': title,
1666                 }
1667         url_results = PagedList(download_page, self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE)
1668
1669         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_title=username)
1670
1671
1672 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor):
1673     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com searches'
1674     _API_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?q=%s&start-index=%i&max-results=50&v=2&alt=jsonc'
1675     _MAX_RESULTS = 1000
1676     IE_NAME = u'youtube:search'
1677     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
1678
1679     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
1680         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
1681
1682         video_ids = []
1683         pagenum = 0
1684         limit = n
1685
1686         while (50 * pagenum) < limit:
1687             result_url = self._API_URL % (compat_urllib_parse.quote_plus(query), (50*pagenum)+1)
1688             data_json = self._download_webpage(
1689                 result_url, video_id=u'query "%s"' % query,
1690                 note=u'Downloading page %s' % (pagenum + 1),
1691                 errnote=u'Unable to download API page')
1692             data = json.loads(data_json)
1693             api_response = data['data']
1694
1695             if 'items' not in api_response:
1696                 raise ExtractorError(u'[youtube] No video results')
1697
1698             new_ids = list(video['id'] for video in api_response['items'])
1699             video_ids += new_ids
1700
1701             limit = min(n, api_response['totalItems'])
1702             pagenum += 1
1703
1704         if len(video_ids) > n:
1705             video_ids = video_ids[:n]
1706         videos = [self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
1707                   for video_id in video_ids]
1708         return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
1709
1710 class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
1711     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
1712     _API_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?q=%s&start-index=%i&max-results=50&v=2&alt=jsonc&orderby=published'
1713     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
1714     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
1715
1716 class YoutubeShowIE(InfoExtractor):
1717     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
1718     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/show/(.*)'
1719     IE_NAME = u'youtube:show'
1720
1721     def _real_extract(self, url):
1722         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1723         show_name = mobj.group(1)
1724         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, show_name, u'Downloading show webpage')
1725         # There's one playlist for each season of the show
1726         m_seasons = list(re.finditer(r'href="(/playlist\?list=.*?)"', webpage))
1727         self.to_screen(u'%s: Found %s seasons' % (show_name, len(m_seasons)))
1728         return [self.url_result('https://www.youtube.com' + season.group(1), 'YoutubePlaylist') for season in m_seasons]
1729
1730
1731 class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
1732     """
1733     Base class for extractors that fetch info from
1734     http://www.youtube.com/feed_ajax
1735     Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
1736     """
1737     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
1738     # use action_load_personal_feed instead of action_load_system_feed
1739     _PERSONAL_FEED = False
1740
1741     @property
1742     def _FEED_TEMPLATE(self):
1743         action = 'action_load_system_feed'
1744         if self._PERSONAL_FEED:
1745             action = 'action_load_personal_feed'
1746         return 'https://www.youtube.com/feed_ajax?%s=1&feed_name=%s&paging=%%s' % (action, self._FEED_NAME)
1747
1748     @property
1749     def IE_NAME(self):
1750         return u'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
1751
1752     def _real_initialize(self):
1753         self._login()
1754
1755     def _real_extract(self, url):
1756         feed_entries = []
1757         paging = 0
1758         for i in itertools.count(1):
1759             info = self._download_webpage(self._FEED_TEMPLATE % paging,
1760                                           u'%s feed' % self._FEED_NAME,
1761                                           u'Downloading page %s' % i)
1762             info = json.loads(info)
1763             feed_html = info['feed_html']
1764             m_ids = re.finditer(r'"/watch\?v=(.*?)["&]', feed_html)
1765             ids = orderedSet(m.group(1) for m in m_ids)
1766             feed_entries.extend(
1767                 self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
1768                 for video_id in ids)
1769             if info['paging'] is None:
1770                 break
1771             paging = info['paging']
1772         return self.playlist_result(feed_entries, playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
1773
1774 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1775     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword(requires authentication)'
1776     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
1777     _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
1778     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Subscriptions'
1779
1780 class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1781     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com recommended videos, "ytrec" keyword (requires authentication)'
1782     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
1783     _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
1784     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Recommended videos'
1785
1786 class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1787     IE_DESC = u'Youtube watch later list, "ytwatchlater" keyword (requires authentication)'
1788     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/watch_later|:ytwatchlater'
1789     _FEED_NAME = 'watch_later'
1790     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Watch Later'
1791     _PERSONAL_FEED = True
1792
1793 class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1794     IE_DESC = u'Youtube watch history, "ythistory" keyword (requires authentication)'
1795     _VALID_URL = u'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
1796     _FEED_NAME = 'history'
1797     _PERSONAL_FEED = True
1798     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Watch History'
1799
1800 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
1801     IE_NAME = u'youtube:favorites'
1802     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com favourite videos, "ytfav" keyword (requires authentication)'
1803     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
1804     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
1805
1806     def _real_extract(self, url):
1807         webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
1808         playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, u'favourites playlist id')
1809         return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
1810
1811
1812 class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
1813     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
1814     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
1815     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
1816         (?:https?://)?[^/]+/watch\?feature=[a-z_]+$|
1817         (?:https?://)?(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/attribution_link\?a=[^&]+$
1818     '''
1819
1820     def _real_extract(self, url):
1821         raise ExtractorError(
1822             u'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
1823             u'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
1824             u'like  youtube-dl '
1825             u'"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
1826             u' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
1827             expected=True)